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اهداف و چشم انداز

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پاسخ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کاملینا به تاریخ و فاصله کاشت در استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

تولید دانه‌های روغنی، نقش به‌سزایی در صرفه‌جویی ارزی، تسریع روند توسعه اقتصادی، امنیت و استقلال غذایی کشور ایفاء می‌نماید. کاملینا (Camelina sativa L. Crantz)، قادر است در شرایط مختلف آب و هوایی و خاک رشد نماید و نسبت به سایر دانه‌های روغنی نیاز کمتری به آب، کود و آفت‌کش‌ها دارد. لذا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف معرفی این گیاه و ارزیابی پتانسیل عملکرد و سازگاری کشت آن در سال 1399 به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بایع‌کلا (مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران) اجرا شد. شش تاریخ‌ کاشت (15 آبان، 1  و 15 آذر، 1، 15 و 30 دی ماه) و پنج فاصله کاشت (15، 20، 25، 30 و 35 سانتی‌متر) به‌عنوان عامل‌های مورد مطالعه انتخاب شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که فاصله کاشت و تاریخ کاشت، اثربخشی معنی‌داری در ویژگی‌های کاملینا داشت. ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی و عملکرد بیولوژیک تحت تاثیر اثر متقابل تیمارهای مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. به‌طوری که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته در تاریخ کاشت 15 آبان ماه و در فواصل 20 و 30 سانتی‌متر (به ترتیب 5/125 و 75/124 سانتی‌متر) مشاهده شد. همچنین عملکرد دانه، روز تا گلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی، تعداد دانه در کپسول و وزن هزار دانه تحت تاثیر تاریخ کاشت و نیز تعداد روز تا گلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی و وزن هزار دانه تحت تاثیر فاصله کاشت قرار گرفتند. در زمینه تولید دانه و دستیابی به عملکرد دانه بیشتر، اگرچه تاریخ‌های کاشت 15 آبان لغایت 15 آذر اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نداشتند؛ ولی تاریخ کاشت 1 آذر به‌سبب بیشترین عملکرد دانه و نیز تعداد دانه در کپسول بالاتر، بهترین تاریخ کاشت ممکن بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of camellia yield and yield components to planting date and distance in Mazandaran province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faezeh Zaefarian 1
  • Hamidreza Ghorbani 2
  • Parastoo Majidian 2
  • Mohammad Kaveh 3

1 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran

3 Ph.D Graduated Student of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The production of oilseeds plays a significant role in saving currency, accelerating the process of economic development, security and food independence of the country. Camellia (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) from Brassicaceae family, is able to grow in different weather and soil conditions and requires less water, fertilizer and pesticides than other oilseeds. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of introducing this plant and evaluating its yield potential and cultivation compatibility in Mazandaran.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design in four replications at Bayekola Agricultural Research Station (Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center). Six sowing dates (November 5, November 21, December 5, December 21, January 4 and January 19) and five planting distances (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 cm) were selected as the study factors.
Results and Discussion
The results of analysis of variance showed that the treatments of planting distance and planting date had a significant effect on different traits of camellia plant. Plant height, number of sub-branches and biological yield were influenced by the interaction effect of the studied factors. The highest plant height values were observed on the planting date of November 15 and at 20 and 30 cm intervals (125.5 and 124.75 cm, respectively). Also, the characteristics of seed yield, days to flowering, days to maturity, the number of seeds in a pod and 1000 grain weight were affected by sowing date factor, and the traits of days to flowering, days to maturity and 1000 grain weight were affected by planting distance factor.
Conclusion
In the field of seed production and obtaining more seed yield, although the planting dates of November 5 to December 5 did not have significant differences with each other; but the planting date of November 21 is the best possible planting date due to the highest seed yield and the higher number of seeds in the pod. Also, the treatment combination of planting distance of 25 cm and planting date of December 5 with high biological yield can be a suitable treatment combination.
.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bayekola
  • Days to flowering
  • Food security
  • 1000 Grain weight
  • Seed yield
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 3
آذر 1402
صفحه 427-440
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هم رسانی
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