نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - اصلاح نباتات

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، داراب، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهشی، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

جو (Hordeum vulgare L) به ­عنوان یکی از سازگارترین محصولات زراعی در بسیاری از مناطق مختلف جهان شناخته شده است. شناسایی ژنوتیپ­ هایی که عملکرد بالا را در بسیاری از صفات ترکیب می ­کنند یک کار چالش برانگیز بوده است. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌ های برتر جو بر اساس عملکرد دانه و تعدادی از صفات مورفوفنولوژیکی با استفاده از شاخص‌های MGIDI و FAI-BLUP بود. به­ منظور ارزیابی هفده لاین امیدبخش جو به­ همراه چهار ژنوتیپ شاهد، آزمایشی دوساله (1402-1400) در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ­های مورد بررسی تفاوت معنی­داری برای صفات مورد بررسی (به­جزء طول ریشک و طول خوشه) وجود دارد. برمبنای شاخص فاصله ژنوتیپ-ایدئوتیپ چند صفتی (MGIDI) ژنوتیپ­های G1 (اکسین)، G7، G3 و G14 با کمترین مقدار این شاخص و براساس شاخص طراحی ایدئوتیپ از طریق پیش­ بینی نااریب بهترین خط (FAI-BLUP)  ژنوتیپ­های G20، G8، G2 (گلچین) و G1 (اکسین) با بیشترین مقدار جزء ژنوتیپ­ های برتر بودند. در نمودار ون پلات ژنوتیپ­ های G1 و G7 جزء ژنوتیپ ­های انتخابی مشترک بین شاخص­های MGIDI و FAI-BLUP بودند. شاخص MGIDI با تعداد روز تا گل­دهی همبستگی مثبت و معنی­ داری (**58/0) نشان داد، در حالی­که همبستگی منفی و معنی­ داری با طول دوره پر شدن دانه (*51/0-) و عملکرد دانه (**74/0-) داشت. شاخص FAI-BLUP همبستگی مثبت و معنی­ داری با صفات طول سنبله (*50/0) و وزن سنبله (*45/0) و همبستگی منفی و معنی­ داری با تعداد روز تا گل­دهی (*47/0) نشان داد. نتایج تجزیه به مولفه­ های اصلی نشان داد که ژنوتیپ ­های انتخابی براساس هر دو شاخص MGIDI و FAI-BLUP در ناحیه 1 و 2 نمودار PCA قرار دارند. در مجموع، ژنوتیپ G7 با بیشترین عملکرد دانه نسبت به همه ژنوتیپ­ های شاهد و برتر از نظر شاخص ­های MGIDI و FAI-BLUP به­ عنوان ژنوتیپ­ مناسب، جهت بررسی­ های تکمیلی قبل از معرفی به ­عنوان رقم جدید در شهرستان­ های جنوبی استان فارس پیشنهاد می­ شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of superior genotypes of barley for cultivation in the south regions of Fars province using MGIDI و FAI-BLUP indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Zali 1
  • Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh 2

1 Researcher Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Darab, Iran

2 Researcher Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been known as one of the most adapted cereal crops to various environmental conditions. In addition, this cereal crop ranks fourth in the world in terms of economic importance after wheat, rice, and corn. Identification of high-yielding genotypes with highly desirable growth traits is one of the most important goals in barley breeding programs. However, the present study aimed to select superior genotypes based on grain yield and some morpho-phenological traits using different selection models.
 
Materials and methods
To identify superior genotypes of barley for cultivation in the warm and dry conditions in the southern regions in the Fars province, 21 genotypes were investigated in a randomized complete block with three replications during the 2021-2023 cropping seasons. During the plant growth and development, several morpho-phenological traits were recorded. Agronomic traits measured were days to spike emergence (DHE), days to maturity (DMA), plant height (PLH), grain filling period (GFP), grain yield (GY), 1000-kernel weight (TKW), spike length (SL), spike density (SD), awn length (AL), spike weight (SPW), number of grains per spike (NGS), row type (RT) and number of spikes per m2 (NS). After collecting experimental data, statistical analyses were computed using SAS and R softwares
 
Results and Discussion
Results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there is a significant difference among the investigated genotypes in terms of all the measured traits (except for Awn length and spike length). Based on the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI), genotypes G1 (Oxin), G7, G3, and G14 with the lowest values were identified as superior genotypes. Moreover, the ideotype design via the best linear unbiased prediction (FAI-BLUP) model identified genotypes G20, G8, G2 (Golchin) and G1 (Oxin) as the desirable genotypes compared with other genotypes. The Venn diagram revealed that genotypes G1 and G7 were selected using both selection indices, simultaneously. The MGIDI index showed a positive and significant correlation with DHE (0.58**), while it negatively and significantly correlated with GFP (-0.51*) and GY (-0.74 **). The FAI-BLUP index showed a significant positive relationship with SL (0.50 *) and SPW (0.45*), while it negatively and significantly correlated with DHE (-0.47 *). To better evaluate and group the investigated genotypes, principal components analysis (PCA) was used. Results of the PCA showed that the first and second principal components explained 30.5 and 20.6 percent, respectively. Moreover, the results of the PCA showed that the selected genotypes based on MGIDI and FAI-BLUP indices are located in the 1st and 2nd regions of the PCA diagram. In total, the results showed that there is a relative compliance between the MGIDI and FAI-BLUP indices with PCA. Additionlly, there was a high agreement between the MGIDI indices and the first principal component, and on the other hand, the second principal component showed a high agreement with the FAI-BLUP index.
 
Conclusion
In conclusion, the genotype G7 with the highest grain performance and the relative superiority in terms of MGIDI and FAI-BLUP indices was identified as a superior genotype compared to all reference genotypes. Hence, this genotype can be recommended for further comprehensive evaluation before commercial release in the southern regions in Fars province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biplot
  • Heat map
  • Multivariate selection
  • Multi-trait index
  • Venn plot
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