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اثر تنش خشکی بر میزان پرولین، گلایسین‌بتائین، کربوهیدرات ، فنل و میزان مالون-دی‌آلدهید ژنوتیپ‌ها و هیبریدهای بین‌گونه‌ای جنس پسته (Pistacia vera L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تنش محیطی یا زیستی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان.

2 گروه باغبانی دانشکده تولید گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 ایستگاه تحقیقات پسته دامغان

5 پردیس ابوریحان- دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

فرآیندهای به نژادی از جمله تلاقی­ های هدفمند در جهت افزایش میزان تحمل، می­ تواند راهکاری مطمئن و دائمی برای کم ­کردن اثرات زیان­ بار تنش خشکی بر گیاهان در نظر گرفته شود. بنابراین با توجه به اهمیت محصول پسته در کشور به­ عنوان یک محصول استراتژیک و همچنین قرار گرفتن ایران در شرایط خشک و نیمه­ خشک، تحقیقات به­ منظور دستیابی به پایه ­های هیبرید  متحمل به خشکی ضروری می­ باشد. آزمایش نخست به ­صورت گلدانی و آزمایش دوم به­ منظور اندازه­ گیری اسمولیت­ های آلی به­ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار به ترتیب در گلخانه و آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در طی سال­ های 1398- 1397 به اجرا در آمدند. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 10 ژنوتیپ پسته احمد­آقایی، اکبری، سرخه ­حسینی، گرمه، فندقی و هیبرید بین­ گونه­ ای (احمد­آقایی­× اینتگریما، اکبری­× اینتگریما، سرخه ­حسینی × اینتگریما، گرمه × اینتگریما و فندقی × اینتگریما­) و سه سطح خشکی شامل شاهد (ظرفیت­ زراعی)، تنش ملایم (65 درصد ظرفیت ­زراعی) و تنش­شدید (30 درصد ظرفیت ­زراعی) بودند که 84 روز روی دانهال­ های سه ماهه پسته اعمال شدند. با افزایش سطوح خشکی، غلظت پرولین، گلایسین­ بتائین، کربوهیدارات­ های محلول کل (TSC)، فنل و مالون­ دی ­آلدهید (MDA) در برگ ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه افزایش معنی­ داری یافتند. ژنوتیپ فندقی بیش­ترین غلظت مالون­ دی ­آلدهید (23/280 درصد) و ژنوتیپ­ های هیبرید سرخه­ حسینی­× اینتگریما، احمد­آقایی × اینتگریما و اکبری­× اینتگریما به ترتیب با میزان 18/70، 70/76، 03/81 درصد کم­ترین افزایش را در خصوص غلظت مالون­ دی­ آلدهید برگ بین دانهال­ ها نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. پایه ­های دانهالی واکنش ­های متفاوتی به تنش خشکی نشان دادند به­ طوری­که متحمل­ ترین آن­ها به ترتیب پایه ­های دورگه سرخه ­حسینی × اینتگریما، احمد­آقایی × اینتگریما و اکبری × اینتگریما بود. بنابراین بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر به نظر می­ رسد بتوان از پایه­ های مورد نظر به­ عنوان ژنوتیپ ­های متحمل به خشکی در مناطق خشک استفاده کرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of drought stress on the amount of proline, glycine betaine, carbohydrate, phenol and malondialdehyde content genotypes and interspecific hybrids pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • hassan farhadi 1
  • Mohammad Mehdi ُSHARIFANI 2
  • Mehdi Alizadeh 3
  • hossein hokmabadi 4
  • Sasan aliniaefard 5

1 Ph.D, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.

2 Horticulture Department, Faculty of crop production Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources

3 faculty member of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

4 Associate.Profesor., Pistachio Research center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization of Semnan Province, Dameghan center, (Iran).

5 Tehran university

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Cross breeding processes including targeted crossings to increase drought tolerance, can be considered as a safe and permanent solution to reduce the harmful effects of drought stress on plants. Therefore, two issues of pistachio as a strategic crop in the country and location of Iran in arid and semi-arid region necessitated research in order to achieve rootstocks drought-tolerant hybrids are necessary.
 
Materials and methods
The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a Completely Randomized Design with four replications in the research greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2018-2019. The treatments were consisted of 10 pistachio genotypes Ahmad Aghaei, Akbari, Sorkheh Hosseini, Garmeh, Fandoghi and interspecific hybrids (Ahmad Aghaei­×Integerrima, Akbari­×Integerrima, Sorkheh­ Hosseini­× Integerrima, Garmeh­×­Iintegerrima and Fandoghi­×­Integerrima) and three levels of drought including control (field capacity), mild stress (65% of field capacity) and Severe stress (30% of field capacity) were applied on 3 months old the seedlings for 84 days.
 
Results and Discussion
According to the results, fandoghi genotype showed a higher malondialdehyde concentration in leaves (280.23 %), while the hybrid genotypes of Sorkheh Hosseini­×­Integerrima, Ahmad Aghaei­×Integerrima and Akbari­× Integerrima showed a lower malondialdehyde concentration in leaves by 70.18, 76.70, 81.03 % respectively compared to the control. Several osmotic mechanisms are carried out by plants, especially pistachios, in stressful conditions to reduce the effects of drought stress. In fact, these mechanisms have enabled plants to withstand the damages caused by drought and have made plants able to recover their biochemical and physiological functions faster after removing the stress factor. For example, a general physiological mechanism adopted by plants to cope with abiotic stresses is the production of large amounts of low molecular weight, water-soluble, non-toxic organic compounds even in high amounts called osmolytes. One of the most important of them is proline. Therefore, the genotypes with higher amount of proline can be more tolerant to drought conditions. The next osmolyte is glycine betaine, which has a significant protective role in the stability of enzymes and the structure of plasma membranes when faced with drought stress. Therefore, glycine betaine plays a significant role in the resistance of plants to stress through the protection of enzymes, the photosynthetic apparatus, the elimination of free radicals, the preservation of membrane integrity, the protection of large molecules, and as a non-toxic compatible osmolyte. It has an environment. Carbohydrates also increase membrane stability in response to drought stress. Therefore, the accumulation of carbohydrates in the osmotic responses of plants is one of the factors that can prevent disorders in the cell membrane. In addition, phenols are also one of the antioxidant mechanisms of plants in drought stress conditions, because such compounds act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species and thus stabilize membrane, cells and prevent lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde is also a decomposition product of unsaturated fatty acids and hydroxides and is used as a suitable marker for lipid peroxide. Therefore, the amount of malondialdehyde obtained from the peroxidation of membrane lipids is used as an indicator for oxidative damage in most cases.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the present research, it seems that it is possible to use the hybrids of Sorkhe Hosseini × Integerrima, Ahmad Aghaei­ ×­ Integerrima, and Akbari­× ­Integerrima as drought-tolerant genotypes in dry areas. Therefore, based on the results of the present research, it seems that the plants in question can be used as drought tolerant genotypes in arid regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Compatible osmolytes
  • Controlled crosses
  • Drought tolerance
  • Field capacity
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 4
اسفند 1402
صفحه 507-521
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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