نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته اگرواکولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور مستندسازی فرایند تولید مرتبط با مدیریت زراعی 60 مزرعه گندم و57 مزرعه کلزا با تنوع در سطح زیرکشت، عملیات زراعی و میزان عملکرد براساس اطلاعات مراکز خدمات و پایش مستمر در سال زراعی 1398-1397 انجام شد. اطلاعات مورد نیاز مربوط به مزارع (موقعیت و وضعیت زهکشی)، مدیریت زراعی شامل عملیات تهیه زمین (نوع ادوات، نوع، تعداد و زمان شخم و دیسک)، رقم مورد استفاده (نحوه ضدعفونی بذر، میزان بذر و وسیله کاشت)، زمان کاشت، کود (نوع کود، میزان کود، و زمان مصرف کود پایه و سرک)، مبارزه با آفات، بیماری‌ها و علف‌های هرز (میزان مصرف و نوع سموم مصرفی)، تعداد، میزان و زمان آبیاری (روش‌های آبیاری سنتی و تحت فشار) و مسائل مربوط به برداشت (نوع ادوات، زمان برداشت و میزان عملکرد) از طریق پرسشنامه از کشاورزان و یا مشاهده و اندازه‌گیری تکمیل و در پایان فصل رشد میزان عملکرد واقعی برداشت شده توسط کشاورزان ثبت گردید. در این مطالعه خلاء عملکرد به روش آنالیز خط مرزی و با رسم پراکنش داده‌های عملکرد در مقابل متغیرهای مختلف مدیریتی و بیشترین عملکردها در سـطوح مختلف هر نهاده یا مدیریت خاص انتخاب شد. با استفاده از این روش میانگین عملکرد، عملکرد قابل حصول و خلاء عملکرد گندم به‌ترتیب 3654، 4839 و 1185 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های مورد بررسی مزارع گندم نشان داد که جهت رسیدن به عملکرد قابل حصول به مصرف 258 کیلوگرم در هکتار بذر، استفاده از رقم مهرگان، تاریخ کاشت تا 24 مهرماه، کاربرد 280 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن، مصرف حداقل 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر، حداقل 6 بار آبیاری و استفاده از حداقل 70 کیلوگرم کود پتاسیم نیاز است. همچنین متوسط عملکرد کشاورزان کلزاکار 2063 کیلوگرم بود که با بهبود مدیریت زراعی می‌توان به عملکرد 2939 کیلوگرم در هکتار دست یافت و برای این منظور مصرف حداکثر هفت کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار، تاریخ کاشت حداکثر تا 17 آبان، استفاده از حداقل 300 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن، کاربرد حداقل 42 کیلوگرم کود فسفر و استفاده از رقم هایولا50 لازم است. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش درصد خلاء عملکرد در گندم 5/31 درصد و کلزا 48 درصد بود که نشان‌دهنده تاثیرپذیری بالای گندم و کلزا نسبت به استفاده از روش‌های مدیریتی مناسب دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of wheat and rapeseed yield gap using boundary line analysis (BLA) in Khorramshahr

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Matourian 1
  • Aydin Khodaei Joghan 2
  • Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat 2
  • Seyed Ataollah Siadat 3
  • Benjamin Torabi 4

1 MSc.Gratuated of Agroecology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources university of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agriculture faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agriculture faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Plant Production faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Food security is one of the most important challenges facing humankind. Therefore improving crop yields are essential to meet the increasing pressure of global food demands. The Decreasing the area of high-quality land, increasing fertilizer use, and its effect on the environment indicate that we need to develop new strategies to increase grain yields with less impact on the environment. One strategy that could help address this concern is by narrowing the yield gaps using improved management. Therefore, the present study was conducted in Khorramshahr region for recognition of best management practices, percentage of the affected fields, estimation of wheat and rapeseed yield potential and gaps using boundary line analysis.
Materials and Methods
To quantify the production and estimation of wheat and rapeseed yield gap in Khoramshahr, Farm management information of 60 wheat fields and 57 rapeseed fields in the years 2018-2019 were collected. The information was collected through continuous farm monitoring during the growing season as along with face to face interviews with the farmers. Farms were selected by consulting with agricultural service centers expert in Khorramshahr districts. Based on the available information at the agricultural service centers, only farms, which is different in terms of acreage, cultural practices and harvesting operations were selected. In this study, by plotting the distribution of the yield obtained in each field as the dependent variable against the independent variables (crop management activities), using SAS software and an appropriate function was fitted on the upper edge of the data distribution.
Results and Discussion
Using this boundary line analysis method, the average yield, attainable yield and yield gap of wheat were obtained as 3740, 5455 and 1715 kg per hectare respectively. The yield gap percentage in wheat was 31.5% and rapeseed was 48%, which indicates the high effectiveness of wheat and rapeseed in relation to the use of appropriate management methods. The analysis of the investigated data in wheat fields showed that in order to achieve the achievable yield, 258 kg per hectare of seeds, the use of Mehrgan variety, the planting date until October 24, the amount of 280 kg per hectare of nitrogen fertilizer, the consumption of at least 100 Phosphorus fertilizer per hectare was at least 6 kg with irrigation and consumption of at least 70 kg of potassium fertilizer. Also, according to the frontier line analysis, the average yield of rapeseed farmers is 1663 kg, they can achieve a yield of 3197 kg per hectare by improving crop management, and for this purpose, the following measures should be taken into account: 1) consuming a maximum of seven kilograms of seeds per hectare 2) Planting date up to 17 November 3) Use of at least 300 kg of nitrogen fertilizer 4) At least 42 kg of phosphorus fertilizer 5) Use of Hyola 50 variety.
Conclusion
In this study by examining several important management factors in growing wheat and rapeseed, optimal requirements of each factor to achieve the highest yield was determined by borderline analysis. In addition, the percentage of farms that had poor management as well as wheat and rapeseed yield potential and gaps in Khorramshahr. Yield responses to management practices were evaluated and studied by means of borderline analysis. Best management practices could be devised using study findings to realize the highest yield potential.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Actual yield
  • Attainable yield
  • Borderline analysis
  • Simulation
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