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‏پاسخ عملکرد و محتوای روی و فسفر دانه گندم به پرایم بذر با روی تحت کاربرد سطوح مختلف کود فسفر

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آگروتکنولوژی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 کارشناس سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

پرایم بذر (پیش تیمار بذر) با عناصر غذایی می‌تواند در افزایش رشد و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی موثر باشد. پرایم بذر با عناصر غذایی از روش‌های ساده،  موثر و کارآمد محسوب می­گردد که مورد پذیرش محققین و کشاورزان در جهت افزایش رشد گیاه در مرحله گیاهچه ­ای، استقرار بهتر و عملکرد دانه و نیز کیفیت دانه قرار گرفته است. مطالعه حاضر به جهت بررسی تاثیر پرایم بذر با عنصر روی و تحت کاربرد مقادیر مختلف کود فسفر بر عملکرد و محتوای روی و فسفر دانه در یک رقم گندم زمستانه تحت شرایط دیمکاری در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده  کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام در سال زراعی 1401-1400 طراحی گردید. آزمایش از دو تیمار اصلی تشکیل شده بود: پرایم بذر (هیدروپرایم و پرایم با روی) و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر (چهار سطح، 20، 40 و 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار). آزمایش به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل دو عاملی (2×4) و بر پایه طرح بلوک­های‌ کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. دو فاکتور آزمایش شامل پرایم بذر و کود فسفر بودند. عملکرد دانه، اجزاء عملکرد و محتوای عنصر روی و نیز فسفر دانه در پاسخ به پرایم با روی و کاربرد مقادیر مختلف کود فسفر مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش به صورت مزرعه­ای و تحت شرایط دیمکاری در طول  فصل رشد گندم انجام گرفت. رقم گندم مورد استفاده ریژاو بود. بذور با محلول 3/0 درصد (وزن/حجم) سولفات روی 7 آبه و به روش غوطه‌وری پرایم گردیدند. تیمار کود فسفر قبل از کشت بذور انجام گرفت. تیمار صفر کودی (عدم کاربرد کود) به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. پرایم بذر با محلول سولفات روی میزان محتوای روی دانه را در مقایسه با پرایم با آب در حدود 16 ‏برابر افزایش داد. پرایم بذر با روی و نیز کود فسفر و اثر متقابل این دو عامل تاثیر معنی­ داری بر تعداد دانه در سنبله، عملکرد ‏دانه و محتوای عنصر روی و فسفر دانه داشت. کاربرد فسفر به میزان 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار موجب افزایش بیشترین عملکرد دانه و نیز ‏محتوای فسفر دانه گردید. فسفر استفاده شده و به خصوص در میزان بالای آن موجب کاهش معنی‌دار روی  دانه گردید. بیشترین ‏عملکرد دانه از پرایم بذر با روی و کاربرد 60 کیلوگرم فسفر در هکتار حاصل گردید. نتایج دیگر این آزمایش نشان داد که پرایم بذر با روی موجب افزایش محتوای ‏روی دانه و کاهش فسفر دانه گردید. یافته­ های این آزمایش نشان‌ دهنده تاثیر مثبت پیش تیمار بذر با روی بود هر چند این سودمندی تحت تاثیر میزان کود فسفر استفاده ‏شده قرار گرفت. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of grain ‎yield, and grain Zn and P content of wheat to seed-priming with Zn under different P ‎fertilizer rate application

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Rahnavadi 1
  • Mohammad Javad Zarea 2
  • Alireza Toolabi 3

1 M.Sc. Graduated of Agrotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

3 Organization of agriculture-Jahad-Ilam, Iran

چکیده [English]




Introduction
 Priming seed with nutrients may improve crop growth and yield. Nutrient seed priming is an easy, efficient, potential technique adopted widely by farmers and researchers to improve seedling growth, standing establishment and grain yield as well as quality of crop plants. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Zn-seed priming and P application on Zn and P content in ‎grains of a winter wheat under rain-fed condition.‎
 
Materials and Methods
The present study consisted of two main treatments: seed priming (Hydro priming and seed priming with Zn) and P fertilizer level (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha-1). The experiment was a 2×4 factorial combination of priming and P fertilizer. Experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield and yield components and nutrient (Zn and P) concentration in seeds were evaluated in response to Zn-priming and P fertilizer. Field experiment conducted under dryland farming during wheat growing season (2021-2022) in Ilam province. Seeds were primed with water (hydro-priming) or 0.3% (W/V) ‎ZnSO4.7H2O solution (Zn-seed priming) for 10 h. P fertilizer was applied to the soil before seed sowing. Control treatment received no P application.
 
Results and Discussion
Seed priming with ZnSO4.7H2O solution for 10 hours resulted in a significant increase in total zinc content of primed seeds compared to non primed group. Priming seeds for 10 h significantly increased (16-fold) primed Zn content in seeds as compared to hydro-primed seeds. Seeds priming and P fertilizer had a significant effect on grain yield of the wheat cultivar (Rijaw) tested in the present study. The number of spike plant-1 was not significantly affected by Zn-priming treatment. Priming seeds with Zn significantly enhanced thousand-grain weight. Seed number per spike was also significantly affected by Zn priming treatment. Plant grown from Zn-primed seeds exhibited higher number of seed per spike. Harvest index was significantly affected by Zn priming. Zn-primed plants showed higher harvest index than control plants. Yield components were also affected by dose of P fertilizer application. Grain weights, seed number per spike and harvest index were increased due to applied P fertilizer. P application of 60 kg per ha was the best in terms of enhanced seed weight, seed number per spike and harvest index. However, spike number was not significantly affected by P application rate. Result of the present study showed a significant interaction between Z priming and P application for seed number per spike, grain yield as well as Zn and P content in seeds. Application of 60 kg P ha-1 resulted in increase in seed P content and grain yield. Application of P fertilizer, especially at the highest rate (60 kg ha-1), significantly reduced Zn concentration in grains. The maximum grain yield was achieved by application of 60 kg P ha-1 and Zn-seed priming. Plants grown from Zn-primed seeds had lower P content in grain. Results showed that applied Zn via seed priming increased Zn content in grain.
 
Conclusion
Results of the present study showed that the benefit effects of priming with Zn depend on the P application rate. P application at higher rate significantly reduced Zn content in grain and increase P concentration in seeds. Zn priming has a promoted effect on elevation Zn content in wheat cultivars. However, applied P, especially at the highest rate, decreased Zn concentration in seeds.






کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dryland farming
  • Hydro-priming
  • Nutrient priming
  • Zn uptake
  • P uptake
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 3
آذر 1402
صفحه 397-410
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هم رسانی
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