نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار بخش کشت بافت و سلول، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران(ABRII) ، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO) ،کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم وتحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

4 استاد دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر اندازه­ های مختلف ریزغده ­ها و کودهای نانو اکسید آهن و کلات آهن روی عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد سیب­زمینی، آزمایشی به­ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه­ موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی شهرستان همدان  (جورقان) در طی سال­ های زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح وزنی ریزغده در سه سطح 3-1، 5-3 و 10-5 گرم و کودهای مختلف آهن در هفت سطح 1. صفر، 2. کلات آهن به صورت خاک مصرف به میزان 20 میکرومولار، 3. نانو اکسید آهن به صورت خاک مصرف به میزان 20 میکرومولار، 4. محلول­پاشی 1 درصد کلات آهن 5. محلول­ پاشی 2 درصد کلات آهن، 6. محلول­پاشی 1 درصد نانو اکسید آهن و 7.  محلول­پاشی 2 درصد نانو اکسید آهن بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش وزن ریزغده ­ها وکاربرد کودهای کلات آهن و نانو اکسید آهن ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه در بوته، تعداد غده در بوته، وزن غده، وزن غده در بوته، درصد ماده خشک غده و شاخص سبزینگی افزایش یافت. حداکثر وزن غده در بوته در تیمارهای 20 میکرومولار نانو اکسید آهن و محلول­پاشی 2 درصد نانو اکسید آهن نمایان شد. بیشترین وزن غده در بوته در ریزغده 3-1 گرم به مقدار 23/405 گرم مربوط به مصرف 20 میکرومولار نانو اکسید آهن، در ریزغده  5-3 گرم به مقدار 61/444 گرم مربوط به محلول ­پاشی 2 درصد کلات آهن و در ریزغده 10-5 گرم به مقدار 92/556، 52/544، 6/482 و 82/465 گرم مربوط به تیمارهای 20 میکرومولار نانو اکسید آهن، محلول­پاشی 2 درصد نانو اکسید آهن، محلول­پاشی 1 درصد نانو اکسید آهن و محلول­ پاشی 2 درصد کلات آهن بود. اندازه ریزغده، کود آهن و اثرات متقابلشان تأثیر معنی­داری بر میزان نشاسته غده نداشتند. با افزایش وزن ریزغده پروتئین غده افزایش و میزان نیترات آن کاهش یافت.  کمترین نیترات غده به میزان 24/125 و 47/115 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم از تیمار 20 میکرومولار نانو اکسید آهن و محلول­پاشی 2 درصد نانو اکسید آهن حاصل شد. در ریزغده 3-1 گرم کاربرد کودهای آهن تأثیر معنی­ داری بر پروتئین نداشت، در ریزغده 5-3 گرم بیشترین پروتئین به میزان 86/4 درصد در تیمار 20 میکرومولار نانو اکسید آهن حاصل شد، در ریزغده 10-5 گرم بالاترین پروتئین به ­میزان 67/4، 81/4، 16/5، 4/5 و 67/5 درصد در تیمارهای 2 درصد کلات آهن، 1 درصد کلات آهن، 2 درصد نانو اکسید آهن، 20 میکرومولار نانو اکسید آهن و 20 میکرومولار کلات آهن به ­دست آمد. ریزغده 10-5 گرم به دلیل داشتن مواد غذایی مناسب و تسریع در سبز شدن بوته­ ها و افزایش فتوسنتز و تأمین عناصر غذایی توانست بهترین اندازه ریزغده را به خود اختصاص دهد. کاربرد کود نانو اکسید آهن در مقایسه با کلات آهن در بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی سیب زمینی مؤثرتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of iron oxide and iron chelate nanofertilizers and different sizes of micro-tubers on yield and yield components of potato (Solanum tubersum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Pourahmadi 1
  • reza zarghami 2
  • Marjan Dyanat 3
  • Ali Mohammadi torkashvand 4

1 Ph.D Student, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate professor Department of Tissue and Cell Culture, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
In terms of harvested land area, potato ranks fourth in the world after wheat, corn and rice. In addition to providing energy and good quality protein, it is also considered as a source of vitamin C and minerals. Despite the fact that iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust, only a small amount of iron can be used by plants in well-ventilated soils. Therefore, iron deficiency is one of the factors limiting the growth and development of plants.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out in a factorial trial in the base of a completely randomized design in three replications in a greenhouse conditions of Agricultural Research Institute of Hamedan (Jorqan) during the crop years of 2017-2018 and 2018-2029. The experimental factors include the weight levels of microtuber at three levels of 3-1, 3-5 and 5-10 grams and different iron fertilizers at seven levels, control, iron chelate in the form of soil consumption at the rate of 20 micromolar, nano iron oxide in the form of soil consumption to The amount of 20 micromolar was 1 and 2% foliar spraying of iron chelate and 1 and 2% nano iron oxide foliar spraying. The internal temperature of the greenhouse was provided by adjusting the air conditioning system and central heating in the range of 18 to 20 °C  at night and 26 to 28 degrees during the day. The humidity of the greenhouse was also 60-65%. At the end of the experiment, after processing the crop, the plants were harvested and the yield and yield components were determined. Leaf greenness index in this experiment using SPAD device (Minolta 502 model) using three fully developed terminal leaves from ten plants in the budding stage in the middle part of the leaf on one side of the main vein, at 9:30 to 10:00 in the morning. It was measured in order to minimize daily changes. To measure the percentage of dry matter, 200 grams of tubers were randomly selected from each treatment, then the tubers were chopped and placed in an oven at a temperature of 75 degrees Celsius, and after their weight was fixed, they were weighed again. Then, based on the ratio of fresh and dry weight of the tubers, the percentage of dry matter of the tubers was determined (Hagman and Martenssen, 2009). 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the height of the plant, the number of stems per plant, the number of tubers per plant, the weight of tubers, the weight of tubers per plant, the percentage of dry matter and the greenness index increased with the increase in the weight of microtubers, and the most improvement in the morphological and qualitative characteristics of potato in microtubers. 5-10 grams were observed. With the application of iron chelate and nano iron oxide fertilizers, potato yield and yield components increased. The maximum tuber weight in the plant was shown in the treatments of 20 micromolar nano iron oxide and 2% nano iron oxide. The highest tuber weight in the plant in the 1-3 gram microtuber is 405.23 grams related to the consumption of 20 micromolar nano iron oxide, in the 3-5 gram microtuber is 444.61 grams related to the application of 2% iron chelate solution and in the microtuber 5-10 grams in the amount of 556.92, 544.52, 482.6 and 465.82 grams corresponding to the treatments of 20 micromolar nano iron oxide, foliar spraying of 2% nano iron oxide, foliar spraying of 1% nano iron oxide and solution The application was 2% iron chelate 
Conclusion
Microtuber 5-10 grams was able to acquire the best size of microtuber due to having suitable nutrients and accelerating the greening of plants and increasing photosynthesis and providing nutrients. The application of nano iron oxide fertilizer was more effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of potatoes compared to iron chelate.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Greenness
  • Percentage of dry matter
  • Protein
  • Tuber weight
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