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تاثیرکود دامی و اسید هیومیک بر تجمع یون‌ها در پنبه (Gossypim hirsutum L.) در شرایط شوری آب آبیاری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تنش محیطی یا زیستی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

پنبه به عنوان یکی از محصولات زراعی مهم در کشور از جایگاه ویژه ­ای برخوردار می­ باشد. با توجه به اینکه تنش شوری یکی از مهم­ترین تنش­ های تهدید کننده تولید این محصول در مناطق خشک و نیمه­ خشک کشور و جهان معرفی شده است، می­ توان با کاربرد مناسب کودهای ارگانیک (کود دامی و اسید هیومیک)، اثرات نامطلوب این تنش را کاهش داد. به منظور بررسی اثر کود دامی و اسیدهیومیک بر تجمع برخی عناصر در برگ پنبه تحت تنش شوری، آزمایشی به ­صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه­ ای واقع در شهرستان بشرویه در خراسان جنوبی در سال زراعی 98-99  در 4 تکرار انجام شد. کرت ­های اصلی شامل سطوح مختلف شوری آب آبیاری در سه سطح (5/2، 5/5 و 5/8 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و کرت­های فرعی شامل دو تیمار کود دامی در دو سطح (صفر و 20 تن در هکتار) و اسید هیومیک در دو سطح (صفر و 200 گرم برای 100 کیلوگرم بذر) بود. به‌منظور اندازه‌‌گیری غلظت عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم، با استفاده از دستگاه فلیم فتومتر و غلظت کلر بر مبنای روش ارائه شده توسط جانسون و الریچ  Johnson and Ulrich,1995)) انجام شد. به منظور بررسی عملکرد، عملکرد وش دو چین متوالی با هم جمع و به عنوان مجموعه عملکرد هر واحد آزمایشی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد تنش شوری 5/8 دسی زیمنس بر متر سبب افزایش غلظت سدیم (5/87%) و کلر (59/61%)و کاهش غلظت پتاسیم (07/13%) در برگ گیاه در مقایسه یا تنش شوری 5/2 دسی زیمنس بر متر شد. میزان عملکرد وش پنبه نیز با افزایش تنش شوری از 5/2 به 5/5 و 5/8 دسی زیمنس بر متر، کاهش چشم­گیری داشت. کود دامی موجب افزایش غلظت سدیم (45/13%)، پتاسیم (67/2 %)،کلر (30/18%) و عملکرد وش پنبه (90/13%) نسبت به تیمار عدم کاربرد آن گردید. کاربرد اسید هیومیک نیز با کاهش غلظت سدیم (08/3%)، کلر (78/9%) و افزایش غلظت پتاسیم (17/4%) و عملکرد وش پنبه (15/9%) موجب بهبود شرایط رشد گیاه نسبت به تیمار عدم کاربرد آن شد. مصرف کود دامی (قبل کاشت) و اسید هیومیک (به­صورت بذرمال) با بهبود تجمع عناصر مفید در برگ ها، موجب افزایش عملکرد پنبه در شرایط تنش شدند. به طور کلی می ­توان نتیجه گرفت کاربرد اسید هیومیک به­صورت بذرمال و کود دامی قبل از کاشت در شرایط تنش شوری، موجب تعدیل اثرات منفی تنش شوری بر عملکرد وش گیاه شد. این موارد از طریق افزایش جذب پتاسیم و کاهش جذب سدیم و کلر توسط گیاه حاصل شد. بنابراین، کود دامی و اسید هیومیک می­توانند به­ عنوان یک کود موثر و جایگزین به منظور کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و تنش شوری در اقلیم­ های گرم و خشک مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

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موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of manure and humic acid fertilizer on ions concentrations in cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) under salinity stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahboobeh Sardar 1
  • Mohammad Ali Behdani 2
  • Seyyd Vahid Eslami 3
  • Gholam Reza Zamani 3

1 Agronomy PhD student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) has a special position as one of the most important crops in the country. Considering that salinity stress is one of the most important stresses, it threatens cotton production in arid and semi-arid regions of the country and the world, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of salinity stress through application of organic fertilizers (manure and humic acid). In addition, Organic inputs can guarantee both agricultural production and nature conservation. The current approach is to employ the organic compounds like manure and humic acid (that are cost-effective and eco-friendly) as an appropriate substitute for chemical fertilizers.
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out to assess the effect of manure and humic acid application on some elements accumulation and ions concentrations in cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) (cotton leaves) under salinity stress. The experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in the 2019-2020 cropping year in Beshravieh city in South Khorasan. The main plot included different levels of irrigation water salinity at three levels (2.5, 5.5 and 8.5 ds.m-1) and sub-plots consisted of a factorial combination of manure at two levels (0 and 20 t/h) and humic acid at two levels (0 and 200 gr/ 100 kg of seeds as priming). In order to measure the concentration of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) elements, it was done using a flame photometer and chlorine concentration based on the method provided by Johnson and Ulrich (1995).  In order to assess the cotton yield, the yield of two consecutive harvests were added together and was considered as the seed cotton yield of each experimental unit.
 
Results and Discussion
The results of the present study illustrated that the salinity stress increased Na+ and Cl- concentration in cotton leaves and consequently decreased K+ concentration. The increase of salinity stress from 2.5 to 5.5 and 8.5 dSm-1 caused a significant decrease in seed cotton yield. Manure application treatment increased Na+ (13.45%), K+ (2.67%), Cl- (18.30%) concentration in the leaves and seed cotton yield (13/90 %) compared to the no use of manure. Humic acid application treatment decreased Na+ (3.08%), Cl- (9.78%) concentration and increased K+ concentration (4.17%) and cotton yield (9/15 %) and improved the growth conditions compared to the treatment of no use of humic acid. The application of manure (before planting) and humic acid (as priming treatment) increased the seed cotton yield by improving the accumulation of beneficial elements in the leaves under salinity stress conditions.
 
Conclusion
Based on the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the application of manure and humic acid (priming) moderated the negative effects of salinity stress on seed cotton yield. In addition, manure and humic acid can be used as an effective and alternative fertilizer in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and salinity stress in hot and dry climates. Therefore, manure and humic acid (organic fertilizers) are recommended to be applied under (environmental stresses) salinity stress conditions to mitigate the effects of salt stress and obtain a higher seed cotton yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chloride
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Fiber plant
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Stress
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 4
اسفند 1402
صفحه 491-505
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