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تأثیر کاربرد سطوح مختلف کودهای زیستی، شیمیایی و دامی بر عناصر ماکرو و برخی صفات کمی کاکتوس علوفه‌ای (Opuntia ficus-indica L)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

3 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندر قند، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

در این آزمایش با ارزیابی عناصر ماکرو نظیر نیتروژن، کلسیم، فسفر و پتاسیم در کاکتوس علوفه‌ای تحت تأثیر کاربرد کودهای مختلف شیمیایی، زیستی و دامی، ارزش غذایی این گیاه و برخی صفات کمی نظیر عملکرد خشک، تعداد کل پد و طول و عرض هر پد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی، شیمیایی و دامی به صورت جداگانه و تلفیقی بر برخی صفات کاکتوس علوفه‌ای، آزمایشی در سال‌های زراعی 1398 تا 1399 اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل 3 عاملی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 32 تیمار و 3 تکرار در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان واقع در شهرستان خرم آباد انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل کود زیستی (قارچ مایکوریزا) در 2 سطح (مصرف و عدم مصرف مایکوریزا)؛ کود دامی (گاوی) در 4 سطح (0، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار) و کود شیمیایی نیتروژنه (اوره) در 4 سطح (0، 100، 200 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد بیش­ترین میزان عملکرد علوفه خشک (7/6 تن در هکتار) در تیمار استفاده تلفیقی از 300 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه + 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (عدم استفاده از کود) با کم­ترین مقدار به‌دست آمد. تیمار مذکور مقدار عملکرد علوفه خشک را به میزان تقریبی 75 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد بهبود بخشید. بهترین نتایج پس از این تیمار در تیمارهای استفاده تلفیقی از 300 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه + 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی (56/6 تن در هکتار)، استفاده تلفیقی از 200 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه + 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی (54/6 تن در هکتار) و استفاده تلفیقی از 200کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه + 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی (52/6 تن در هکتار) به‌دست آمد. صفات درصد کلسیم، درصد فسفر، درصد پتاسیم، درصد نیتروژن، تعداد کل پد و طول و عرض هر پد در تیمارهای کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای دامی و نیتروژنه نتایج مطلوبی نشان دادند و کاربرد تلفیقی کود دامی و شیمیایی بر همه صفات آزمایش معنی‌دار گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اثر کاربرد کود زیستی مایکوریزا تنها بر میزان فسفر مؤثر بود و بر سایر صفات اندازه گیری شده تأثیر معنی‌داری نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of using of different levels of biological, chemical and manuare fertilizers on macro elements and some quantitative traits of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Fateminick 1
  • khosro Azizi 2
  • Soraya Ghasemi 3
  • Omidali Akbarpour 4

1 PhD Student in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of College of Agriculture, Lorestan University. Khorramabad,, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Research, Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) belongs to the Cactaceae family, which is a xerophyte plant with a rapid growth rate and is well adapted to arid climates. This cactus, which is also known as prickly pear or rocket cactus, although it produces high yields in fertile soils with sufficient water, but also produces significantly in poor soils with low water levels. Since nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and potassium are very important in the diet of livestock, in this experiment, the nutritional value of this plant was investigated by evaluating these elements in forage cactus. The importance of producing fodder plants and improving their quality under the influence of nitrogen and manure fertilizers, this research with a sustainable agriculture approach to investigate the effect of different proportions of organic and chemical fertilizers especially nitrogen and their interaction on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forage cactus were done.
 
Materials and Methods
To investigate the effect of using biological, chemical and manure fertilizers on Separate and integrated tests were carried out on some forage cactus traits during two cropping years (2019 and 2020). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of these fertilizers on the percentage of nutrients and some quantitative characteristics of forage cactus in the form of a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications and the factors including biofertilizer treatments: MY1: use of mycorrhiza and MY0: no use of mycorrhiza and four levels of manure, respectively: M0: no use of manure, M1: use of 10 tons per hectare of manure, M2: use of 20 tons per hectare of manure, M3: use of 30 tons per hectare of manure and four levels of nitrogen chemical fertilizer (urea), respectively, including treatments N0: no use of urea, N1: use of 100 kilograms per hectare of urea, N2: use of 200 kilograms per hectare of urea, N3: use of 300 kilograms per hectare of urea and the treatment of not using mycorrhizal biofertilizer; Urea chemical fertilizer and manure were used as control treatments. The distance between rows was 50 cm and between rows was 50 cm. A distance of 1.5 meters between plots and 3 meters between repetitions was created to create an irrigation stream and a waste water outlet stream. The size of each plot was 6 square meters (4 × 1.5) with 4 crop lines and the plant density was 3.33 per square meter. The main pad for planting was prepared from a three-year base and was prepared and transferred from the research farm affiliated with ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas) in Mehran city, belonging to the Agricultural Research Center of Ilam province. The measured traits were as follows:
Pad length, pad width, dry forage yield, total pad number, nitrogen percentage, phosphorus percentage, potassium percentage and calcium percentage.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the highest dry forage yield was obtained in the treatment at combined use of M3N3 in comparison with the control treatment (no use of fertilizer) with the lowest amount. The mentioned treatment improved the dry forage yield by approximately 75%, , compared to the control treatment. The best results after this treatment are in the combined M3N2, M2N3 and M2N2 obtained. The traits of Ca percentage, P percentage, K percentage, N percentage, the total number of pad and the length and width of each pad showed favorable results in the integrated application of manure and nitrogen, and the integrated application of manure and chemical was significant on all the experimental traits.
 
Conclusion
The results of this research showed that the effect of using mycorrhizal biofertilizer was effective only on the amount of phosphorus and on other measured traits. It was not significant and because no significant difference was observed between treatments using mycorrhiza and not using it; because the cactus plant is perennial, it is recommended that the study regarding the use of mycorrhizal fungi and the process of quantitative and qualitative changes of this plant be further investigated in multi-year and long-term supplementary experiments.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcium percentage
  • Pad length
  • Pad width
  • Total number of pads
  • Yield
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 2
شهریور 1402
صفحه 185-198
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