تولیدات گیاهی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پرسش‌های متداول

اخبار و اعلانات

راهنمای تهیه مقاله

فرم های نشریه

بررسی میزان عناصر غذایی اندام‌های زایشی بر میوه‌نشینی درختان کشت بافتی و حاصل از پاجوش خرمای رقم برحی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - کشت بافت

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، اهواز ایران

2 استادیار پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی روند تغییرات عناصر غذایی بر میوه‌نشینی نخل‌های خرمای کشت بافتی و پاجوشی رقم برحی در نخلستان ستاد پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‏های گرمسیری در شهرستان اهواز (سال 1400) انجام شد. در اوایل فصل بهار از هر دسته درختان کشت بافتی و پاجوشی، نمونه­برداری گل و میوه در سه مرحله ظهور اسپات، اسپات رسیده و 2 هفته پس از گرده­افشانی از سه اسپات صورت گرفت. در مرحله گرده‌افشانی، سه اسپات دیگر در هر نخل 1 تا 2 روز قبل از باز شدن طبیعی با گرده نر یکسان به روش سنتی گرده­افشانی شد. در نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری شده از درختان کشت بافتی و پاجوشی، عناصر نیتروژن، روی،آهن، منیزیم، منگنز، بور و پتاسیم اندازه­گیری شد. در هفته‌ پنجم پس از گرده‌افشانی، درصد میوه‌نشینی، درصد میوه‌های پارتنوکارپ و درصد ریزش گل و میوه و در زمان برداشت عملکرد خوشه هر نخل مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد گیاهان کشت­بافتی نسبت به گیاهان حاصل از پاجوش دارای درصد میوه­نشینی کمتر (3/35 درصد در گیاهان کشت بافتی و 51/71 درصد در گیاهان حاصل از پاجوش) و میزان میوه­های پارتنوکارپ (27/20 درصد در گیاهان کشت بافتی و صفر درصد در گیاهان حاصل از پاجوش) و ریزش گل و میوه (49/28 درصد در گیاهان کشت بافتی و 43/44 درصد در گیاهان حاصل از پاجوش) بیش­تری بودند. همچنین میزان عملکرد میوه در گیاهان کشت بافتی (08/5 کیلوگرم در خوشه) نسبت به گیاهان حاصل از پاجوش (6/11 کیلوگرم در خوشه) کمتر بود. میزان عناصر منیزیم، منگنز، بور، روی و پتاسیم در گیاهان حاصل از پاجوش در اغلب مراحل اندازه­گیری شده بالاتر از گیاهان کشت بافتی بود. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون خطی چندگانه و گزینش مدل برتر نشان داد میزان کلسیم و آهن گل و میوه با میوه­نشینی رابطه منفی و میزان نیتروژن، فسفر، روی، منیزیم، منگنز و بور گل و میوه، رابطه مثبت با میوه­نشینی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the amount of nutritional elements in reproductive organs on the fruit set of tissue culture derived and offshoot date palm cv. Barhee

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Boroujerdnia 1
  • Seyyed Samih Marashi 2
  • Hojat Dialami 1

1 Research Assistant Professor, Date Palm and Tropical Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Research Assistant Professor, Date Palm and Tropical Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Date is one of the important crops in arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Today, plant tissue culture technology, as an important commercial method, provides the possibility of rapid reproduction of trees needed for the development of groves. Despite this, one of the main weaknesses of this method is the possibility of abnormal phenotypes such as delay in flowering, low levels of fruit set and formation of parthenocarp fruits. There is a difference between tissue culture date varieties in terms of the amount of abnormalities. In young tissue culture palm trees of Berhi cultivar, the amount of parthenocarp fruits reaches 59-86% and the yield of the date palm is greatly reduced. Therefore, identifying the causes of these abnormalities in tissue culture palms is very important.
 
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted in order to investigate the changes in nutrient elements related to fruit set in the pollination season on tissue culture derived date palms and derived from offshoot cv. Barhee in Date Palm and Tropical Fruit Research Center of Ahvaz city (year 2022). At the beginning of spring season, palm trees were selected from each group of tissue culture and offshoot trees 10- years -old. Sampling of flowers and fruits were done in the three stages of spath appearance, ripe spath and 2 weeks after pollination from three spathes. In the pollination stage, three spathes in each palm (1-2 days before natural opening) were pollinated with the same male pollen. Nitrogen, zinc, iron, magnesium, manganese, boron and potassium elements were measured in the flower or fruit samples collected from tissue culture and offshoot trees. In 5th week after pollination, fruit set percentage,  parthenocarp fruits percentage and flower and fruit drop percentage were recorded.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that tissue culture derived plants had less fruit set and more seedless fruits and drop as compared to off shoot derived plants. Also, the fruit yield in the tissue culture plants was lower than off shoot derived plants. The levels of magnesium, manganese, boron, zinc and potassium in off shoot derived plants were higher than tissue culture plants in most of the measured stages.  By using multiple linear regression analysis and superior model selection, the amount of calcium and iron of flower and fruit had a negative relationship with the amount of fruit set and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and boron had a positive relationship with it.
 
Conclusion
The lack of nutritional elements in tissue culture plants in comparison to offshoot derived plants in different stages, especially pollination and fruit formation, may cause disturbances in the synthesis of carbohydrates, protein, and organic matter, so the growth and development of the plant and ultimately the amount reduce fruit yield. Therefore, optimal feeding of trees and foliar spraying with key elements such as boron, zinc, manganese and magnesium at different stages can be one of the effective ways to improve fruiting and achieve maximum yield and increase the quality of the fruit of these trees.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Date palm
  • Partenocarpic fruit
  • Pollination
  • Spath
  • Yield
مراجع
Al-Hamudi, A.H. (2006). Studies on fruit set of date palm. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. Cairo, Egypt.
Babu, K.D., & Yadav, D.S. (2005). Foliar spray of micronutrients for yield and quality improvement in Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.). Indian Journal of Horticulture, 62(3), 280-281.
Beede, R.H., Brown, P.H., Kallsen, C., & Weinbaum, S.A. (2005). Diagnosing and correcting nutrient deficiencies. In: L. Ferguson (ed), Pistachio production manual. 4th edition. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of California: Oakland, 147-157.
Boroujerdnia, M. (2017). Effect of different concentrations of medium nutrients on In Vitro pollen germination in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) different cultivars. Research in Pomology, 2(1), 31-44. [In Persian]
Boroujerdnia, M., Mostaan, A., Torahi, A., & Dialami, H. (2022). Assessing fruit set improvement of tissue culture derived date palm cv. Barhee through bunches spraying with mineral nutrition. Plant Productions, 45(2), 205-214. [In Persian]
Bouhouche, N., Al-Mazroui, H.S., & Zaid, A. (2007). Fertilization Failure and Abnormal Fruit Set in Tissue Culture- Derived Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Proc. IIIrd IC on Date Palm, ISHS. Acta Hort, 736, 225-232.
Chapman, H.D., & Pratt, P.F. (1961). Method of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California, Division of Agricultureal Sciences, 5-350.
Dialami, H. (2015). Determining the critical level of potassium in palm leaves and investigating the effect of potassium on yield and quality of “Sayyer” date palm cultivar. Plant Productions, 37(4), 35-45. [In Persian]
Dutta Mudi, M., & Mondal, S. (2014). Studies on in vitro Pollen Germination of Phyllanthus reticulates Poir. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4 (3), 367-373.
Elmer, P., & Conn, P.  (1982). Analytical methods for atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry. Perkin– Elmer Corp., U.S.A., 1-300.
Harhash, M., & Abdel-Nasser, G. (2010). Improving of fruit Set, yield and fruit quality of "Khalas" tissue culture derived date palm through bunches spraying with potassium and/or boron. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(9), 4164-4172.
Khayyat, M., Tafazoli, E., Eshghi, S., & Rajaee, S. (2007). Effect of nitrogen, boron, potassium and zinc sprays on yield and fruit quality of date Palm. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 289-296.
Marashi, S.S., Rahkhodaei, E., Ghasemi, R.A., Behseresht, R., & Garshasbi, M.R. (2013). Study on the adaptability and determination of quantitative and qualitative fruit characteristics of date cultivars in Tabas region. Final Report of Project, Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Institute of Iran, Ahwaz. [In Persian]
Merwad, M.A., Mostafa, E.A.M., Ashour, N.E., & Saleh, M.M.S. (2019). Effect of boron, zinc and seaweed sprays on yield and fruit quality of Barhee date palm. Plant Archives, 19 (2), 393-397.
Mohebi, A.H., Dialami, H., & Torahi, A. (2011). Study on chemical characteristics in date palm derived tissue culture (cv. Barhee) for distinguish of fruit set reducing, Final report of Project, Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Institute, Ahwaz, 35.            
Mudi, M., & Subrata, M. (2014). Studies on in vitro pollen germination of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4(3), 367-373.
Patel, R.G., & Mankad, A.U. (2014). In vitro pollen germination. International Journal of Science and Research, 3(5), 304-307.
Ram, R.A., & Bose, T.K. (2000). Effect of foliar application of magnesium and micronutrients on growth, yield and fruit quality of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Indian Journal of Horticulture, 57(3), 215-220.
Sarrwy, S.M.A., Gadalla, E.G., & Mostafa, E.A.M. (2012). Effect of calcium nitrate and boric acid sprays on fruit set, yield and fruit quality of cv. Amhat Date Palm. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8 (5), 506-515.
Singh, J., & Maurya, A.N. (2004). Effect of micronutrients on bearing of mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Mallika. Progressive Agriculture, 4(1), 47-50.
Singh, S.P., Singh, B.P., & Moti, R. (1982). Effect of magnesium and season on growth, flowering, fruiting and yield of guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cv. Allahabad Safeda. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 11(3-4), 188-191.
Soliman, S.S., & Al-Obeed, R.S. (2011). Effect of boron and sugar spray on fruit retention and quality of date palm. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 10(3), 404-409.
Usenik, V., & Stamper, F. (2007). Effect of late season boron spray on boron accumulation and fruit set of Sumit and Hedelfinger sweet cherry (Prunus savium L.). Acta Agricultura Slovenca, 89(1), 51-58.
Walinga, I., Van, W., Houba, V.J.G., & Van der lee, J.J. (2013). Soil and plant analysis, a series of syllabi. Part 7, plant analysis procedure, Wageningen Agriculture University.
Wojcik, P., & Wojcik, M. (2003). Effect of boron fertilization on Conference peartree vigor, nutrition and fruit yield and storability. Plant and Soil, 256, 413.           
تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 2
شهریور 1402
صفحه 307-318
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار