نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

میوه­ های کوچک به دلیل حساسیت به عوامل بیماری­زا، دچار فساد و اختلالات فیزیولوژیکی به صورت تازه مصرف می­شوند. فیسالیس نیز به عنوان یک ریز میوه فرازگرا، از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. بررسی­ها نشان داده که ادغام ترکیبات زیست‌فعال مانند عصاره گیاهی و نانوسلولز باعث افزایش اثر فعال پوشش و کاهش نرخ زوال می‌شود. به همین منظور، آزمایشی در آزمایشگاه پس از برداشت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان در سال 1401، بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی، با هدف بررسی اثر پوشش­ های نانوسلولز حاصل از خمیر سوزنی برگان و کارواکرول حاصل از عصاره گیاه مرزه خوزستانی، به صورت کاربرد جداگانه و ترکیبی (به عنوان فاکتور اول) و مدت زمان انبارمانی (به عنوان فاکتور دوم) با چهار تکرار بر میوه فیسالیس انجام شد. در این پژوهش اولین فاکتور نوع مواد در غلظت­های خاص در نه سطح (شاهد، Car 0.3%، Car 0.6%، CNF 0.5٪، CNF 1.5٪، Car 0.3 + CNF 0.5٪، Car 0.6 + CNF 0.5٪، Car 0.3 + CNF 1.5٪، Car 0.6+CNF 1.5% و دومین فاکتور زمان نگهداری در چهار سطح (0، 45، 90 و 135 روز) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ابتدا میوه­های فیسالیس با آب مقطر شسته و سپس برگ­های اضافی و میوه­های آسیب دیده جدا شدند. سپس میوه­ها به مدت 2-3 دقیقه در محلول تهیه شده، قرار گرفته و پس از اعمال تیمار، میوه­ها در یخچال با دمای 4 درجه و رطوبت نسبی 90 درصد نگهداری شدند. پس از اعمال تیمارها، ویژگی­های فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی مورد نظر در زمان­های تعیین شده (0، 45، 90 و 135) اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که میوه­های تیمار شده با نانوسلولز و کارواکرول کاهش وزن کم­تر و سفتی بافت بالاتری داشتند. بررسی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی نیز تأثیر مثبت تیمارها را بر پارامترهای مورد نظر نشان داد، به طوری که بیش­ترین TA و ویتامین ث و کم­ترین میزان اسیدیته در تیمارهای ترکیبی نانوسلولز و نانوسلولز/کارواکرول به دست آمد. همچنین تیمارهای مورد استفاده باعث کاهش TSS و نسبت TSS/TA میوه­ها شدند و تیمارهای ترکیبی کم­ترین مقدار را داشتند. به طور کلی، نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که ویژگی­های بررسی شده میوه فیسالیس تحت تأثیر تیمارهای مورد استفاده، قرار گرفته است. در نمونه ­های تیمار شده کاهش وزن ، اسیدیته، مواد جامد محلول و شاخص طعم، کم­تر، سفتی بافت، اسیدهای قابل تیتراسیون و ویتامین ث بیش­تر بود. با توجه به نتایج کلی می­توان بیان کرد که کاربرد تیمارهای کامپوزیت نانوسلولز/کارواکرول به ویژه تیمار کارواکرول 6/0+ نانوسلولز 5/1 درصد نتایج مطلوب­تری نسبت به کاربرد هر یک به تنهایی در اکثر ویژگی­ ها نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effects of post-harvest application of nanocellulose/carvacrol composite coating on the physico-biochemical characteristics of physalis fruit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Feryidouni 1
  • Abdollah Ehtesham Nia 2
  • Hassan Moumivand 2
  • Mohamadreza Raji 3

1 MSc student of Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Food safety is one of the important issues related to fresh fruits and vegetables. Most natural compounds are degradable and can be a safe compound for human health and the environment and an alternative to synthetic compounds. Research has shown that the combination of bioactive substances such as essential oils, plant extracts and nanocomposites increases the active effect of the coating as fruit packaging and reduces the rate of fruit deterioration.
 
Materials and Methods
In this research, physalis fruits were obtained from Khorramabad research greenhouse. Nanocellulose and pure carvacrol (extracted from Satureja khuzistanica Jamza ( were prepared from Nanovin Nano Polymer Company and GC/MS analysis from Khorramabad Pharmaceutical Company, respectively. Also, the combination of nanocellulose with carvacrol was prepared in the laboratory. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment with two factors in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The first factor of material type in specific concentrations at nine levels (control, Car 0.3%, Car 0.6%, CNF 0.5%, CNF 1.5%, Car 0.3 + CNF 0.5%, Car 0.3 + CNF 1.5%, Car 0.6 + CNF 0.5 %, Car 0.6+CNF 1.5% and the second storage time factor was investigated at four levels (0, 45, 90 and 135 days). First, the fruits of Physalis were washed with distilled water, and then the extra leaves and damaged fruits were removed. The fruits were placed in the prepared solution for 2-3 minutes and after applying the treatment, the fruits were placed in a refrigerator with a temperature of 4 °and 90% RH.
 Results and Discussion
The results showed that the fruits treated with nanocellulose and carvacrol had less weight loss and higher tissue firmness. Byochemiucal analysis also showed the positive effect of the treatments on parameters, so that the highest TA and vitamin C and the lowest amount of pH were obtained in the combined treatments of nanocellulose and nanocellulose/carvacrol. Also, the treatments used reduced the TSS and fruit TSS/TA ratio of the fruits, and the combined treatments had the lowest amount. The nanocellulose coating prevents water loss and reduces the metabolic and respiration processes. Also, nanocellulose/carvacrol composite coatings lead to an increase in the pH of cytochrome oxidase by reducing internal oxygen, and this enzyme increases the rate of ascorbic acid decomposition. By coating on the fruit during the post-harvest period, the aging process of the fruit is reduced the production and effect of ethylene, reducing respiration and preserving the cell wall, which ultimately leads to better preservation of TSS. Therefore, any reduction in metabolic activities causes a reduction in fruit ethylene biosynthesis and action.
 
Conclusion
In general, the results of the research showed that the investigated characteristics of physalis fruit were influenced by the treatments. As treated samples, weight loss was less, pH, soluble solids and taste index were lower, tissue firmness, titratable acids and vitamin C were higher. According to the general results, it can be stated that the application of nanocellulose/carvacrol composite treatments, especially the Car 0.6+CNF 1.5% treatment, showed more favorable results than the application of each one alone in most features.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acidity
  • Edible coating
  • Nanocomposite
  • Weight loss
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