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اثر ترکیب اسیدهای آمینه مختلف بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی سیر (Allium Sativum L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - گیاهان دارویی و معطر

نویسندگان

1 دکتری گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی واکنش سیر به محلول‌پاشی ترکیبات مختلف اسیدهای آمینه در سال زراعی 98-1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل: 1) آرژنین+ اسیدآسپارتیک، 2) آرژنین+والین، 3) آرژنین+تیروزین، 4) آرژنین+لوسین، 5) اسیدآسپارتیک+والین، 6) اسیدآسپارتیک+تیروزین، 7) اسیدآسپارتیک+لوسین، 8) والین+تیروزین، 9) والین+لوسین، 10) تیروزین+لوسین، 11) اسید آمینه تجاری، 12) آب مقطر و 13) شاهد (بدون استفاده از هیچ ترکیبی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد ترکیبات مختلف اسیدهای آمینه سبب افزایش عملکرد در سیر شد به طوری که محلول‌پاشی اسیدآسپارتیک و لوسین (با تولید 054/13 تن در هکتار وزن تر سوخ و 267/12 تن در هکتار وزن تر سیرچه) بیش‌ترین وزن تر سوخ و سیرچه را داشت که با تیمارهای اسیدآسپارتیک و تیروزین (با تولید 2/12 تن در هکتار سوخ و 683/9 تن در هکتار سیرچه)، آرژنین و لوسین (با تولید 129/12 تن در هکتار سوخ و 425/9 تن در هکتار سیرچه) و  اسیدآسپارتیک و والین (با تولید 425/11 تن در هکتار سوخ و 256/9 تن در هکتار سیرچه) اختلاف معناداری نداشت. همچنین بیش‌ترین سرعت فتوسنتز از محلول‌پاشی اسیدآسپارتیک و لوسین با 58/10 میکرو مول CO2 در مترمربع بر ثانیه به‌دست آمد. بیش‌ترین میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل از کاربرد ترکیب اسیدآسپارتیک با لوسین به‌دست آمد در حالی که کم‌ترین میزان کارتنوئید در کاربرد  اسیدآسپارتیک با لوسین (43/2 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر) و آرژنین با لوسین (10/3 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر برگ) مشاهده شد. بالاترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز از کاربرد آرژنین با اسیدآسپارتیک (U mgFW-1 9064) مشاهده شد در حالی که فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز در تیمارهای اسیدآسپارتیک و والین (U mgFW-1 517)، آرژنین و تیروزین (U mgFW-1 511) و آرژنین و لوسین(U mgFW-1 496)  بیش‌تر از سایر تیمارها بود. به طور کلی، با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش به نظر می‌رسد محلول‌پاشی اسیدهای آمینه با افزایش راندمان انرژی در گیاه (ذخیره انرژی گیاه در راستای تولید اسیدهای آمینه) و همچنین افزایش سرعت فتوسنتز و در نتیجه کمک به گیاه سبب افزایش عملکرد می‌شود. در بین بررسی ترکیبات مختلف اسیدهای آمینه، ترکیب اسیدآسپارتیک و لوسین بیش‎تر از سایر ترکیبات عملکرد سوخ سیر (به عنوان عملکرد اقتصادی سیر) را افزایش داد و به عنوان تیمار برتر در این پژوهش معرفی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of amino acids combination on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of garlic (Allium Sativum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Heidarzadeh 1
  • Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy 2

1 Ph.D of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Garlic is one of the most widely employed condiments in cooking. It has been found to possess important biological properties with high therapeutic potential, which is influenced by the mode of its utilization, preparation, and extraction. It has been attributed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capacities. Garlic, in particular its organosulfur compounds, can maintain immune system homeostasis through positive effects on immune cells, especially by regulating cytokine proliferation and expression. Amino Acids are the building units of proteins. There are about 300 amino acids occur in nature. Only 20 of them enter in proteins synthesis. Amino acids are essential nutrients for plant growth. Due to the characteristics of amino acids, they have a unique promotion effect on plant growth, especially on photosynthesis. Amino acids are good organic nitrogen sources in plant. They can be directly absorbed and utilized by cells, promote protein synthesis, and have a good effect on the growth. Spraying or irrigating amino acid nutrient liquid fertilizer can increase the element of various nutrients required in the plant, aggravate the accumulation of dry matter and the speed and quantity of the operation from the root or leaf to other parts, and adjust the proportion and balance of macroelement, trace element and other nutrients. Thus, the normal growth of the plant will be regulated. Many studies proved that amino acids play a positive role in enhancing the plant yield and quality when they are sprayed at different growth stages. This research was done to study effect of different amino acids compound on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of garlic.
 
 
Materials and Methods
The experiment was performed at three replications in a completely randomized blocks design in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2018-19 growing season. The experimental treatments included: 1) Arginine + Aspartic acid 2) Arginine + Valine 3) Arginine + Tyrosine 4) Arginine + Leucine 5) Aspartic acid + Valine 6) Aspartic acid + Tyrosine 7) Aspartic acid + Leucine 8) Valine + Tyrosine 9) Valine + Leucine 10) Tyrosine + Leucine 11) Trade amino acid 12) Distilled water 13) No amino acid (control).
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the maximum bulb fresh weight (13.054 t ha-1) and photosynthetic rate (10.58 µmol m-2s-1) was obtained from the aspartic acid + leucine. Also, the highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was obtained from the compound of aspartic acid with leucine, while the lowest carotenoid was observed in the application of aspartic acid with leucine (2.43 mg gF.W-1) and arginine with leucine (3.10 mg gF.W-1). The highest catalase activity was observed in the use of arginine with aspartic acid (9064 U mgFW-1), while the peroxidase activity was higher in the aspartic acid + valine (517 U mgFW-1), arginine + and tyrosine (511 U mgFW-1) and arginine + leucine (496 U mgFW-1) treatments.
 
Conclusion
In general, it seems that foliar spraying of amino acids increases the plant's energy efficiency (plant energy storage for the production of amino acids) and also increases the photosynthesis rate and thus helps the plant to increase the yield of the plant. Among the investigation of different combinations of amino acids, the combination of aspartic acid and leucine increased the performance more than other combinations and is introduced as the best treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arginine
  • Aspartic acid
  • Leucine
  • Trade amino acid
  • Tyrosine
  • Valine
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 2
شهریور 1402
صفحه 237-249
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هم رسانی
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