نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - گیاهان دارویی و معطر

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز ، ایران

4 استادیار نانوفناوری دارویی، مرکز تحقیقات نانوفناوری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه تاثیر تنش شوری و کاربرد محلول‌پاشی تنظیم‌کننده سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات بیوشیمیایی گیاه لعل کوهستان، آزمایشی گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز در 1400-1399 اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل چهار سطح شوری آب آبیاری (1/1 (آب شهری)، 5/2، 5 و 5/7 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و چهار سطح کاربرد برگی تنظیم‌کننده سالیسیلیک اسید (صفر، 100، 200 و 500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) بود. صفات بیوشیمیایی گیاه شامل میزان کربوهیدرات محلول کل، پرولین، مالون‌دی آلدهید، عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم، فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپراکسید دسموتاز، کاتالاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، پلی‌فنول اکسیداز و فنیل‌آلانین آمونیالیاز گیاه در ابتدای مرحله گلدهی، اندازه‌گیری شدند. اثر متقابل تنش شوری و محلول‌پاشی تنظیم‌کننده سالیسیلیک اسید کلیه صفات گیاه لعل کوهستان را به‌طور معنی‌دار تغییر داد. کاربرد برگی 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر این تنظیم‌کننده در گیاهان تحت تنش شوری 5 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر میزان کربوهیدرات محلول کل، پرولین، فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپراکسیددسموتاز، کاتالاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، پلی‌فنول اکسیداز را نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش داد. بالاترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آسکوربات پراکسیداز و فنیل‌آلانین آمونیالیاز نیز در محلول‌پاشی گیاهان تحت تنش شوری 5 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر توسط غلظت 500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سالیسیلیک اسید به‌دست آمد اما تفاوت معنی‌داری میان این غلظت و کاربرد 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر تنظیم‌کننده مذکور مشاهده نشد. بیش­ترین میزان غلظت عنصر پتاسیم و کمترین میزان مالون‌دی آلدهید و عنصر سدیم برگ گیاه لعل کوهستان نیز در تیمار گیاهان تحت تنش شوری 5/2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر توسط غلظت 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر تنظیم‌کننده سالیسیلیک اسید ثبت گردید. تنظیم‌کننده سالیسیلیک اسید به عنوان یک پیام‌رسان بسیار مهم در سیستم دفاعی گیاه از طریق افزایش تحریک فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت در گیاه لعل کوهستان سبب کاهش اثرات منفی رادیکال‌های آزاد، تخریب غشاء و تولید ترکیب مالون‌ دی‌آلدهید در تنش شوری 5 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر گردید. از سوی دیگر، کاربرد این تنظیم‌کننده با بالا بردن توان گیاه در تولید ترکیبات تنظیم‌کننده فشار اسمزی شامل کربوهیدرات‌های محلول و پرولین آسیب ناشی از تنش ثانویه کم‌آبی را کاهش داد. گیاه لعل کوهستان به واسطه توانایی خود در افزایش تولید ترکیبات اسمولیت شامل کربوهیدرات‌های محلول و پرولین، فعال‌سازی آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت و حفظ پایداری غشاءهای سلولی، قادر به تحمل تنش شوری تا سطح 5  دسی‌زیمنس بر متر می‌باشد. کاربرد غلظت 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر تنظیم‌کننده سالیسیلیک اسید نیز به دلیل اثر مثبت بر ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و افزایش تولید ترکیبات محافظ اسمزی در گیاه بعنوان راهکاری جهت افزایش مقاومت گیاه لعل کوهستان در برابر تنش مذکور، سودمند و قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phytochemical changes of Denak (Oliveria decumbens) in response to salinity stress and application of salicylic acid hormone

نویسندگان [English]

  • Anahita Boveiri Dehsheikh 1
  • Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani 2
  • Naeimeh Enayatzamir 3
  • Mehdi Safdarian 4

1 PhD Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, of Faculty Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Salinity stress is one of the most important problems in the cultivation and production of agricultural products, including medicinal plants. The expansion of saline lands following continuous droughts in recent years increases the importance of the tolerance level of medicinal plants determination, their type of reaction, and the necessity of finding a solution to reduce the damage of mentioned stress on plants and increasing the productivity of the above lands.
 
Materials and Methods
To study the effect of salinity stress and salicylic acid hormone on biochemical traits of Denak (Oliveria decumbens), a factorial pot experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2020-2021. The experiment factors included irrigation water salinity in four levels (1.1 (tap water), 2.5, 5, 7.5 dS/m) and foliar application of salicylic acid hormone in four levels (0, 100, 200, 500 mg/L). Biochemical traits included total soluble carbohydrates, proline, malondialdehyde, sodium and potassium elements, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzymes were measured at flowering stage.
Results and Discussion
The interaction effect of salinity stress and foliar application of salicylic acid hormone significantly changed all the traits of Denak. The foliar application of 200 mg/L of this regulator in plants under 5 dS/m salinity stress increased the amount of total soluble carbohydrates, proline, the activity of superoxide desmutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase enzymes compared to the control treatment. The highest level of activity of ascorbate peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonialyase enzymes was also obtained in the foliar spraying of plants under 5 dS/m salinity stress by the concentration of 500 mg/L of salicylic acid hormone, but no significant difference was observed between this concentration and the application of 200 mg/L of this hormone. The maximum concentration of potassium element and the minimum amount of malondialdehyde and sodium element of Denak leaf were also recorded in the treatment of plants under 2.5 dS/m salinity stress by the concentration of 200 mg/L of salicylic acid hormone. The salicylic acid regulator as a very important messenger in the plant's defense system through increasing the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes in Denak reduced the negative effects of free radicals, membrane destruction and the production of malondialdehyde compound in a 2.5 dS/m salinity stress. On the other hand, the application of this hormone reduced the damage caused by the secondary stress of dehydration by increasing the ability of the plant to produce osmotic pressure regulating compounds including soluble carbohydrates and proline.
 
Conclusion
Due to its ability to increase the production of osmolyte compounds including soluble carbohydrates and proline, activation of antioxidant enzymes and maintaining the stability of cell membranes, Denak is able to withstand salinity stress up to the level of 5 dS/m. The application of 200 mg/L of salicylic acid hormone is beneficial and recommended due to its positive effect on antioxidant capacity and increasing the production of osmotic protective compounds in the plant as a solution to increase the resistance of Denak against the salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxdant enzymes
  • Elements concentration
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase
  • Proline
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