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مقایسه جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه Bornm. & Fleischm Ophrys schulzei در محیط کشت‌های مختلف درون شیشه‌ای

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - کشت بافت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، و عضو مرکز پژوهشی اصلاح و توسعه گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، و عضو مرکز پژوهشی اصلاح و توسعه گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، و عضو مرکز پژوهشی اصلاح و توسعه گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

Ophrys schulzei، گونه­ای ارکید است که بخش زیرزمینی آن­ کاربردهای زیادی در صنایع غذایی و دارویی دارد. درصد جوانه­زنی پایین، شرایط اکولوژیکی خاص مورد نیاز و برداشت­های بی­رویه و غیر اصولی از این گیاه موجب شده که جمعیت آن­ در عرصه طبیعی به شدت کاهش یافته و در معرض خطر انقراض قرار گیرد. بنابراین ارزیابی روش­های مختلف تکثیر این گیاه به­منظور حفاظت برون­جای و نیز تکثیر و اهلی­سازی آن، از ضروریات است. در این پژوهش، جوانه­زنی، تشکیل پروتوکورم و شاخص­های رشدی گیاهچه Ophrys schulzei در 5 نوع محیط کشت درون شیشه ای شامل Malmgren،Orchimax ،P723 ،  و  در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تکرار طی سال­های 1398 تا 1400 در مرکز پژوهشی اصلاح و توسعه گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه کردستان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بیش­ترین (26/25 درصد) و کم­ترین (0 درصد (درصد جوانه­زنی به­ترتیب در محیط کشت­های Malmgren و Orchimax مشاهده شد. پروتوکورم­ها در محیط کشت Malmgren زودتر از سایر محیط کشت­ها (33/19 روز پس از کشت بذر) بوجود آمدند. در محیط کشت ، پروتوکورم­ها پس از بوجود آمدن در همان حالت باقی ماندند و هیچ گونه تغییر قابل توجهی در آن­ها مشاهده نشد. مریستم­های اولیه در محیط کشت Malmgren، زودتر از دو محیط کشت  و P723 (66/105 روز پس از کشت بذر) ظاهر شدند. فقط در سه محیط کشت P723، Malmgren و ، گیاهچه تشکیل شد. بیش­ترین وزن پروتوکورم­ (12/0 گرم) متعلق به محیط کشت Malmgren، و بیش­ترین طول ریشه­ (44/21 میلی­متر)، وزن ریشه­ (19/0 گرم)، وزن اندام هوایی (05/0 گرم)، طول گیاهچه (98/45 میلی­متر) و وزن گیاهچه (37/0 گرم)، متعلق به گیاهچه­های محیط کشت P723 بود. از نظر تعداد ریشه و طول اندام هوایی گیاهچه، بین سه محیط کشت مذکور تفاوت معنی­داری مشاهده نشد. به­طور کلی، از بین محیط کشت­های مورد مطالعه، Malmgren و P723 محیط کشت­های مناسب­تری جهت تولید گیاهچه Ophrys schulzei شناخته شدند.

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موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of germination and primary growth of Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm seedling in different culture media under in vitro condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Frouzan Valadi 1
  • Jalal Khorshidi 2
  • Ali akbar Mozafari 3
  • Yavar Vafaee 4

1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, and Member of Research Center of Medicinal Plants Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, and Member of Research Center of Medicinal Plants Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, and Member of Research Center of Medicinal Plants Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm is an orchid species which its underground organ is harvested and has numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The population of this orchid species in the natural habitat has been greatly reduced and is at risk of extinction due to the low germination percentage, required specific ecological conditions and also overharvesting. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate different propagation methods in order to approach ex situ conservation, domestication and cultivation of this plant species. Vegetative propagation of orchids is difficult, time-consuming and expensive, and also a small number of propagules can be obtained from each mother plant. Sexual propagation in ex vitro condition is also difficult due to low endosperm of orchid seeds, undifferentiated embryo and need to symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore, it seems that in vitro seed germination is the most suitable method for producing orchid seedlings. The most important and crucial step in seedlings mass production is selecting appropriate growth media for in vitro cultivation. Therefore, in this research, the effect of different culture media on the germination and seedling growth of Ophrys schulzei was studied.  
 
 
Materials and Methods
In this research, germination, protocorm formation and growth indices of Ophrys schulzei seedlings were evaluated in 5 different culture media including Malmgren, Orchimax, P723,  and . At first, the seeds were sown in the mentioned culture media and transferred to the growth chamber with 25ºC and dark conditions. After germination, they were placed in a refrigerator at 4ºC for two weeks. At the end of two weeks, the culture containers were placed in the growth chamber with 25ºC and light conditions 16/8 h (light/dark). After 12 months from seed sowing, the mentioned factors were evaluated. This research was conducted as a completely randomized design with 5 replications at Research Center of Medicinal Plants Breeding and Development of University of Kurdistan, in 2019-2022.
 
Results and Discussion
The highest (25.26%) and lowest (0%) germination percentage were observed in Malmgren and Orchimax culture media, respectively. Protocorms were appeared earlier in the Malmgren medium than other media (19.33 days after seed sowing). Protocorms on  medium were stayed in initial form, and no significant development was observed. Protomeristems were appeared earlier in Malmgren medium compared to P723 and  (105.66 days after seed sowing). There was no significant difference between P723 and  in terms of protomeristem appearance time (1/4 B5 148.33 and P723 159 days after seed sowing). Seedlings were formed only in P723, Malmgren and  culture media. The highest protocorm weight (0.12 g) was belonged to the Malmgren culture medium, and the highest root length (21.44 mm), root weight (0.19 g), aerial weight (0.05 g), seedling length (45.98 mm) and seedling weight (0.37 g) were belonged to the seedlings grown in P723 medium. In terms of the number of roots and shoot length, no significant differences were observed between the three culture media.  
 
Conclusion
In general, among the studied culture media, Malmgren and P723 were determined the most suitable culture media for production of Ophrys schulzei seedlings.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Domestication
  • Malmgren
  • Orchid
  • Orchimax
  • Protocorm 
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 129-140
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هم رسانی
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