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تاثیرات تلقیح مایکوریزایی و ریزوبیوم بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه سویا تحت سمیت مس

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زیست شناسی گیاهی، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه ایران

4 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

فلزات سنگین از طریق پدیده­های طبیعی و نیز فعالیت­های انسانی وارد محیط اطراف می­شوند. این فلزات سبب کاهش بیومس، کلروز، مهار رشد و فتوسنتز و نیز تغییراتی در جذب مواد مغذی شده که این عوامل در نهایت منجر به مرگ گیاه می­شوند. مس از جمله فلزات سنگین است که با تولید گونه­های فعال اکسیژن سبب القای استرس اکسیداتیو در گیاه می­شود. امروزه پالایش فلزات سنگین توسط روش­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی به دلایل اقتصادی و زیست محیطی کمتر مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند و پالایش زیستی به‌عنوان روشی جایگزین معرفی شده است. پالایش زیستی همانند تلقیح گیاهان با قارچ­های میکوریز و ریزوبیوم روشی کارامد در جهت حفاظت از گیاهان در برابر تنش فلزات سنگین می­باشد. هدف از انجام این آزمایش بررسی کاربرد میکوریز و ریزوبیوم بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه سویا تحت سمیت مس بود. به این منظور، آزمایشی گلخانه­ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار در دانشکده علوم دانشگاه ارومیه در سال 1400 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای این آزمایش شامل سولفات مس در 4 سطح (0، 50، 100 و 200میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) و چهار تیمار تلقیح (شاهد یا عدم تلقیح، میکوریزا، ریزوبیوم و میکوریزا+ ریزوبیوم) بودند. گیاهان تلقیح یافته با میکوریز و ریزوبیوم با مایه تلقیح حاوی Glomus verusiforme و Rhizobium japonicum آغشته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت مس فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و نیز مالون دی­آلدئید برگ و ریشه سویا افزایش پیدا کردند اما محتوای رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی، قند محلول و نیز وزن تر و خشک کاهش یافتند که این کاهش در گیاهان تلقیح یافته کمتر از گیاهان غیرهمزیست بود. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش کاربرد قارچ‌های میکوریزا و ریزوبیوم در شرایط تنش مس باعث کاهش آثار تنش شد، به‌نحوی‌که بیشترین مقدار فعالیت آنزیمی، محتوای قند محلول، وزن تر و خشک و رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی و کمترین میزان مالون دی­آلدئید به ترتیب در تیمار تلقیح دوجانبه میکوریز+ ریزوبیوم و تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. بنابراین با بررسی مطالب فوق نتیجه­گیری شد که تنش مس اثرات زیانباری بر روی گیاه سویا رقم صبا دارد و تلقیح گیاه با ریزوبیوم و میکوریز می­تواند این تنش را تا حدودی تخفیف دهد. همچنین مشاهده شد که تأثیر تلقیح دوجانبه ریزوبیوم+ میکوریز موجب هم­افزایی اثرات آن­ها شده و نقش بیشتری در تعدیل تنش مس در مقایسه با تلقیح گیاهان با این میکروارگانیسم­ها به تنهایی دارد. بر اساس این نتایج تلقیح توام ریزوبیوم ژاپونیکوم و قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار به منظور افزایش تحمل گیاه سویا در برابر تنش مس پیشنهاد می­شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of mycorrhizal and rhizobium inoculation on some physiological and biochemical traits of soybean under copper toxicity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sharareh Shiati 1
  • Jalil Khara 2
  • Siavash Hosseini Sarghein 3
  • Abdollah Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh 4

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crop Science Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO) ,Urmia, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Heavy metals enter the surroundings through natural means as well as human activities. These metals reduce biomass, growth and photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients, which ultimately lead to plant death. Heavy metals such as copper, induce oxidative stress in plants by producing reactive oxygen species. Nowadays, heavy metal refining by physical and chemical methods are less used for economic and environmental reasons, and biological refining has been introduced as an alternative method. Among these, we can refer to the inoculation of plants with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium, which can protect the plants against this stress. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of mycorrhiza and rhizobium on the physiological and biochemical traits of soybean under copper stress.
 
Materials and Methods
For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in the Faculty of Science, Urmia University in 2021. Experimental factors included four levels of copper sulfate stress (0, 50, 400 and 200 mg/kg soil) and four inoculation treatments (control, mycorrhiza, rhizobium and mycorrhiza + rhizobium). Plants were colonized by inoculum Glomus verusiforme (for mycorrhiza) and Rhizobium japonicum (for rhizobium). The soybean plants were grown in 16 treatment groups with a diurnal regime of 16-hour light and 8 hours dark at 18-29°C. Forty days after planting, the harvest was done and the factors were examined. The studied traits included the activity of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase enzymes, malondialdehyde, fresh and dry weight, soluble sugar of shoots and roots and chlorophyll a and b content.
 
Results and Discussion
Results showed that chlorophyll a and b content, soluble sugar and dry and fresh weights of shoots and roots were significantly reduced in treated plants compared to the control. This decrease was less evident in Inoculated plants than in non- Inoculated samples. However, antioxidant enzymes activity and malondialdehyde increased under copper stress. Increased enzymatic activity was more dramatic in rhizobia and mycorrhizal plants samples than non- rhizobia and mycorrhizal ones, which was the opposite of malondialdehyde. Based on the results of this study, the use of fungi and rhizobia in copper stress conditions reduced the effects of stress. The highest enzymatic activity, soluble sugar, fresh and dry weight and photosynthetic pigments and the lowest amount of malondialdehyde were observed in co-inoculation with Mycorrhiza- Rhizobia and control, respectively. The efficiency of plants inoculated with rhizobium and mycorrhizal against copper stress can be due to the reduction of oxidative stress, high antioxidant capacity, maintenance of natural plant metabolism, increased phosphorus uptake, increasing the rate of photosynthesis, Impact on heavy metals bio-availability and improvement of nitrogen fixation e in these plants.
 
Conclusion
According to the results, it is concluded that copper stress has severe effects on effects on soybean (Saba cultivar) and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia can somewhat reduce this stress. Furthermore arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobia had synergistic effects so in many cases co-inoculation was more effective than single inoculation. On the basis of these results, co-inoculation with Glomus verusiforme and Rhizobium japonicum is suggested for improving soybean tolerance to copper stress.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Photosynthetic pigments
  • Soluble sugar
  • Vesicular-arbuscular
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 603-615
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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