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اثر سیلیکات پتاسیم بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه پوششی چمن شبدری (Dichondra repens) در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تنش محیطی یا زیستی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران ، ایران

4 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

چمن شبدری یک گیاه چند ساله با رشد کم و خزنده است که معمولاً به جای چمن در مناطق گرم کاشته می شود و هم­چنین به عنوان پوششی برای پر کردن فاصله بین روسازی­ها و کاشت در باغ­های صخره­ای مناسب است. خشک­سالی یکی از مهم­ترین عوامل غیر زنده است که رشد و بهره­وری محصولات را در سراسر جهان محدود می­کند. تنش خشکی باعث تولید گونه­های اکسیژن فعال (ROS) می شود که باعث آسیب اکسیداتیو به پروتئین­ها، لیپیدهای غشایی و سایر اجزای سلولی می شود. سیلیسیم بعد از اکسیژن در خاک دومین عنصر شایع است که اثر مفید آن بر تعدادی از محصول کشاورزی به اثبات رسیده است. مطالعه حاضر برای ارزیابی تأثیر سیلیکات پتاسیم بر ویژگی­های رشد چمن شبدری تحت تنش آبی تحقیقی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه گروه باغبانی دانشگاه تهران سال 1397 انجام شد. کمبود آب در سه سطح (100 ، 66 و 33 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) و سیلیکات پتاسیم در چهار سطح (0 ، 50 ، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر) اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع گیاه در تیمار 33 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و عدم استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم نسبت به تیمار 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر سیلیکات 38 درصد کاهش یافت. سیلیکات پتاسیم 200 و 100 میلی­گرم در لیتر سبب افزایش محتوای کلروفیل در تیمارهای 100 و  66 درصد ظرفیت زراعی شد. آنزیم­های کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دسموتاز به ترتیب بیشترین فعالیت را در تیمار 33 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر سیلیکات پتاسیم و تیمار 33 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و عدم استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم نشان دادند. کمترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ (33/63 درصد) در تیمار 33 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و عدم استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم مشاهده شد که با 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر سیلیکات پتاسیم تفاوت معنی­داری نداشت. بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم (33/50 میلی­گرم بر گرم) در تیمار 66 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه و 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر سیلیکات پتاسیم مشاهده شد که تفاوت معنی­داری با  تیمار 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه و 100 میلی گرم در لیتر سیلیکات پتاسیم نداشت. بیشترین میزان سیلیسیم (08/1 میلی­گرم بر گرم) در تیمار 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه و 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر سیلیکات پتاسیم مشاهده شد که تفاوت معنی­داری با سایر تیمارها داشت. تیمار 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه و سیلیکات پتاسیم در 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر به عنوان کارآمدترین تیمار در بهبود خصوصیات رشدی چمن شبدری مشخص شد. بنابراین با مدیریت مناسب می­توان تیمار 66 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه و 100 میلی­گرم سیلیکات پتاسیم را با 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه و 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر سیلیکات پتاسیم با جایگزین کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of potassium silicate on some morphological and physiological traits of dichondra (Dichondra repens) cover plant grown under water deficit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdieh Niazbal 1
  • Sepideh Kalatejari 2
  • Foad Fatehi 3
  • Marjan Diyanat 4

1 M. Sc. Student, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Dichondra repens is a low growing, creeping perennial that spreads by underground runners. This plant is usually planted instead of lawn in warm areas and is also suitable as a cover to fill the gap between the pavements and for planting in rock gardens. Soil drought is one of the major abiotic factors that limit crop growth and productivity worldwide. Drought stress triggers production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage to proteins, membrane lipids and other cellular components. Silicon (Si) is the second most prevalent element after oxygen in the soil. The beneficial effect of the silicon is well documented for several agricultural crops.
 
Materials and Methods
The present study was conducted to assess the effect of potassium silicate on growth characteristics of Dichondra repens under water deficit as factorial in a completely randomized design in 2018. Water deficit was applied in three levels (100%, 66% and 33% Field capacity) and potassium silicate in four levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l). Data analysis was performed with SAS software. Mean data were compared with Duncan test at 5% level. Plant height was measured from the collar to the tip of the plant with a caliper. To measure the fresh weight of the shoot, the plant was weighed after harvesting with a digital scale. To measure the roots, the roots were gently removed from the soil and weighed with a digital scale. Leaf chlorophyll was measured by Arnon (1949) method at 480, 663 and 645 nm with a spectrophotometer. Catalase activity was measured by Eising and Gerhardt (1989) method. Measurement of superoxide dismutase activity by Dhindsa et al. (1982) was performed. Potassium concentration was measured by flame photometry. Elliott and Snyder (1991) method was used to measure leaf silicon concentration.
 
Results and Discussion
Plant height decreased by 38% in 33% field capacity and non-use of potassium silicate interaction in comparison of 100% field capacity and 200 mg/l potassium silicate interaction. Potassium silicate 200 and 100 mg/l increased chlorophyll content in 100 and 66% of field capacity. Catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes showed the highest activity in 33% field capacity and 200 mg/l potassium silicate interaction and 33% field capacity and no potassium silicate interaction, respectively. The lowest relative leaf water content was observed in 33% field capacity and no potassium silicate interaction and there is no significant difference between it and potassium silicate at 50 mg/l. The highest amount of potassium was observed in the treatment of 66% of field capacity and 50 mg/l of potassium silicate, which was not significantly different from the interaction of 100% of field capacity and 100 mg/l of potassium silicate. The highest amount of silicon was observed in treatment of 100% of field capacity and 200 mg/l of potassium silicate, which was significantly different from other treatments.
 
Conclusion
Treatment of 100% field capacity and potassium silicate at 200 mg/l was identified as the most efficient treatment in improving the growth characteristics of dichondra. So with proper management 66% field capacity and 100 mg potassium silicate treatment can be replaced with 100% field capacity potassium silicate at 200 mg/l.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant enzyme
  • Chlorophyll content
  • Field capacity
  • Potassium content
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 4
بهمن 1401
صفحه 505-517
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