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پاسخ برنج و علف‌های هرز به پیش‌تیمار بذر تحت مدیریت‌های متفاوت علف‌های هرز در کشت مستقیم

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم علف‌های هرز، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 دکتری زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

4 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی تاثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر و مدیریت علف­های هرز بر عملکرد و اجزای­عملکرد گیاه برنج، تراکم و زیست‌توده­ی علف‌های هرز در کشت مستقیم، پژوهشی مزرعه‌ای در سال 1397 در شهرستان نکا اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل دو عاملی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل­تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام شد. پیش‌تیمار بذر در چهار سطح 1- بدون پیش‌تیمار، 2- هیدروپرایمینگ، 3- استفاده از کود حاوی مواد هیومیکی (10 گرم در 5/1 لیتر آب) و 4- استفاده از کود حاوی هورمون اکسین مایع (5/1 سی­سی در 5/1 لیتر آب) و همچنین، مدیریت علف­های هرز در پنج سطح 1- عدم وجین، 2- مصرف علف­کش کانسیل­اکتیو (15 گرم در 20 لیتر آب)، 3- دوبار وجین (یک ماه پس از کاشت و پیش از خوشه­دهی)، 4- مصرف علف­کش کانسیل­اکتیو (15 گرم در 20 لیتر آب که حدود یک ماه پس از کاشت اعمال شد) + وجین (یک ماه و نیم پس از کاشت) و 5- وجین کامل (وجین تمامی علف­های هرز موجود در طی دوره­ی رشد)  بودند. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، با اعمال پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسیدهیومیک بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، طول خوشه و تعداد بوته در متر مربع به دست آمد و با انجام وجین کامل علف هرز بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، پنجه­ی بارور، پنجه­ی کل و طول خوشه حاصل شد. هم­چنین با اعمال پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسیدهیومیک به همراه وجین کامل علف هرز، بیشترین تعداد دانه­ی پر در خوشه 80 عدد، تعداد کل دانه در خوشه‌ 90 عدد، وزن هزار دانه 47/23 گرم، عملکرد دانه 2327 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عملکرد بیولوژیک 11220 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج کمترین تراکم و زیست‎توده علف‌های هرز با کاربرد پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسیدهیومیک و با مصرف علف‌کش کانسیل‌اکتیو + وجین حاصل شد که تفاوت معنی‌داری با تیمارهای پیش‌تیمار با اسیدهیومیک به‌همراه دوبار وجین و نیز پیش‌تیمار با اکسین همراه با علف‌کش + وجین و دوبار وجین نداشت. درمجموع، یافته‌های این پژوهش حاکی از تاثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر برنج بخصوص اسیدهیومیک و اکسین به همراه علف‌کش کانسیل‌اکتیو + وجین و یا دوبار وجین علف­های هرز بر کاهش تراکم و زیست توده علف‌های هرز و هم­چنین افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج در کشت مستقیم می‌باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of rice and weeds to seed priming under different weed management in direct-seeded

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Asghar Sobhani 1
  • Faezeh Zaefarian 2
  • Mohammad Kaveh 3
  • Arastaoo Abbassian 4

1 MSc Student of Weed Science, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

3 Ph.D. of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

چکیده [English]

Backgrounds and Objectives
Direct seeding is being developed in many Asian countries as a new technology that farmers are tending to use this technology in current years considering that it has appropriate economic efficiency, faster and easier cultivation, less labor force, more mechanization and shorter growth period than transplanting cultivation and due to discontinuous irrigation, less methane emission. But what makes it mainly obstacle are weeds.
The use of seed priming can be one of methods that it can compensate the paucities of direct seeding and get promote seed quality. Seed priming also can active the initial germination mechanisms before planting and many benefits were mentioned for this treatment that the most significant of them is increasing the percentage and rate of germination. Indeed these plants expand their root system in shorter period of time compared untreated seeds. They are also reached to autotroph stage earlier by absorbing more water, nutrients and producing photosynthetic part.
 
Materials and Methods
The field experiment was conducted in Neka in 2018. The experiment was performed as a factorial in randomized complete block design in three replications. Experimental treatments include  seed priming in four levels 1- no priming, 2- hydropriming (priming with water), 3- priming with humic substances (10 g per 1.5 liters of water) 4- priming with auxin hormone (1.5 cc in 1.5 liters of water) and also, weed management at five levels 1- no weeding, 2- council active herbicide (15 g per 20 liters of water), 3- twice weeding (one month after planting + before the earing stage), 4- council active herbicide (15 g per 20 liters of water applied about one month after planting) + weeding (1.5 months after planting) and 5- complete weeding (weeding of all weeds during the growing season).
 
Results
Based on the results, by applying seed priming with humic acid, the maximum plant height, ear length and number of plants m-2 were obtained and complete weeding caused the maximum plant height, fertile tiller, total tiller and ear length. Also, seed priming with humic acid along with complete weeding caused the highest filled grain number (79.67 number) and total grain number (90 number), 1000-grain weight (23.47 g), grain yield (2327 kg ha-1), biological yield (11220 kg ha-1). Based on total weed density and biomass, in all three stages of sampling, the lowest amount of weed biomass and density was obtained with application of humic acid priming along with council active herbicide + weeding, which was not significantly different from application of humic acid priming and twice weeding and application of auxin with council active herbicide + weeding and twice weeding. Overall, the findings of this study indicate the effect of priming of rice seeds especially with humic acid and auxin along with council active herbicide + weeding and twice weeding, on reducing the weeds density and biomass as well as increasing the yield and yield components of rice in direct cultivation.
 
Discussion
According to results which were obtained this research and evaluation of yield and yield components are identified that application of herbicide cannot control the weed solitary. This research was showed that application of council active herbicide + weeding and twice weeding cause to reduce the weeds density and biomass as well as increasing the yield and yield components of rice in direct cultivation and also own to elimination of competing species, they improve the crop growth. Therefore, mechanical weeding, which is a non-chemical method of weed management, should be considered as a necessary part of sustainable agriculture.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cropping system
  • Weed density and biomass
  • Weed integrated management
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 3
آذر 1401
صفحه 421-434
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