نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز اهواز ایران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز اهواز ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز اهواز ایران

4 استادیار سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خوزستان

چکیده

یکی از مهم­ترین راهکارها جهت بهبود عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد غده در تاریخ کشت زمستانه کاربرد محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک­اسید می­باشد، زیرا یکی از مشکلات کشت پاییزه سیب‌زمینی در شرایط خوزستان، رشد ناکافی غده­ها به دلیل مواجهه با دمای بالای انتهای فصل رشد است. این پژوهش به­صورت کرت­های دوبار خردشده (اسپیلیت­اسپیلیت­ پلات) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه آزمایشی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز طی سال زراعی 1400-1399 انجام گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایشی در این پژوهش شامل تاریخ کشت به­عنوان فاکتور اصلی در سه سطح (5 آذر، 19 آذر و 6 دی)، محلول­پاشی سالیسیلیک­اسید به­عنوان فاکتور فرعی در دو سطح (5/0 میلی­مولار و عدم محلول­پاشی) و ارقام  به­عنوان فاکتور فرعی‌فرعی در سه سطح (شامل ارقام زودرس و جدید سیفرا، چلنجر و کولمبا) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. توجه به نتایج، برهمکنش سه­جانبه فاکتورهای مورد بررسی بر صفات عملکرد غده، تعداد غده‌های بالای 100 گرم، غده­های بین 100-50 گرم و غده­های کمتر از 50 گرم معنی­­دار بود. برهمکنش تاریخ کشت × محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک­اسید و تاریخ کشت × رقم بر صفت ارتفاع بوته معنی­دار شد، همچنین برهمکنش محلول­پاشی × رقم برای صفت درصد نشاسته و اثر ساده تاریخ کشت و رقم بر صفت میزان غلظت کلروفیل (عدد SPAD) معنی­دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین­ها حاکی از آن بود که بیشترین تعداد غده­های بالای 100 گرم در رقم سیفرا تحت محلول­پاشی 5/0 میلی‌مولار سالسیلیک­اسید در تاریخ کشت 19 آذرماه (با میانگین 33/4 غده در یک کیلوگرم)، بیشترین تعداد غده­های بین 100- 50 گرم مربوط به رقم چلنجر با محلول­پاشی 5/0 میلی­مولار سالسیلیک­اسید تحت تاریخ­های کشت 19 آذر و 6 دی‌ماه (هر دو با میانگین 33/8 غده در یک کیلوگرم بدون اختلاف معنی­دار نسبت به هم) و بیشترین تعداد غده­های کمتر از 50 گرم مربوط به رقم چلنجر تحت تیمار توام بدون محلول­پاشی و تاریخ کشت 6 دی­ماه (با میانگین 33/33 غده در یک کیلوگرم) حاصل شد. بیشترین عملکرد غده نیز در رقم سیفرا تحت تاریخ کشت 19 آذرماه و محلول­پاشی 5/0 میلی­مولار سالیسیلیک‌اسید (با میانگین 368/2 کیلوگرم در متر مربع) مشاهده گردید. از نظر غلظت کلروفیل (عدد SPAD) مشخص گردید که بیشترین میزان این صفت متعلق به تاریخ کشت 5 آذر­ماه با میانگین 61/42 بود. بالاترین میزان درصد نشاسته غده نیز در رقم سیفرا تحت محلول­پاشی 5/0 میلی­مولار سالسیلیک­اسید (با میانگین 16/46 درصد) به ­دست آمد. حال با توجه به کمبود این محصول در اواخر زمستان خصوصاً در نواحی جنوبی کشور، کشت ارقام زودرس و سازگار با منطقه همچون رقم سیفرا در تاریخ کشت 19 آذرماه به ­منظور دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب و همچنین کاربرد سالیسیلیک ­اسید به­صورت محلول­پاشی در شرایط مشابه با این پژوهش پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of salicylic acid on winter crop production of new potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) in different planting dates in Ahvaz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maral Dinarvandi 1
  • Moosa Meskarbashee 2
  • Habibolah Roshanfekr 3
  • Javad Soltani kazemi 4

1 Ph.D Student of Agrotechnology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

3 Associate Professor Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Jahad Organization of Khuzestan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Autumn cultivation of potato plant is very important because of meeting domestic needs of the country in winter and reducing the price of this product in the market. Cold stress in the early stages of potato growth is the most important factor that limits potato production in these areas.The yield and chemical composition of potato tubers under winter planting date and salicylic acid foliar application in Khuzestan region are very importance because one of the problems in cultivation of potato under Khuzestan conditions is insufficient growth due to dealing with high temperature at the end of the growing season in the autumn cultivation. Because few studies have been done in this regard on new cultivars of potato plant. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate of the tuber yield and attributes of tuber yield in potato plant.
 
Materials and Methods
The current study was conducted in a split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replication in the experimental farm of the Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran, during the crop year 2020-21. The experimental factors in this research include the date of cultivation as the main plot in three levels (25 November, 9 December, 26 December), salicylic acid foliar application as a sub-plot in two levels (0.5 mM and non-foliar application) and cultivars as sub-sub plot at three levels (including early and new cultivars Sifra, Challenger and Columba).
 
Results and Discussion
According to the results of this experiment, the three-way interaction effects of investigated factors on tuber yield and attributes of tuber yield, the number of tubers more than 100 g, number of tubers between 50-100 g and number of tubers less than 50 g was significant. The interaction effects of planting date × salicylic acid foliar application and planting date × cultivar on plant height trait was significant, also the interaction effect of salicylic acid foliar application × cultivar was significant for the starch percentage trait and the simple effect of planting date and cultivar on the SPAD value trait was significant. In the following, the results of three-way interaction effects of the studied factors showed that the highest number of tubers more than 100 g in Sifra cultivar under 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application in 9 December planting date (with an average of 4.33 tubers per 1 kg), the highest number of tubers between 50-100 g related to the Challenger cultivar with 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar spraying under 9 December planting date (with an average of 8.33 tubers per 1 kg), the highest number of tubers less than 50 g related to the Challenger cultivar under 26 December planting date and non-foliar application of salicylic acid (with an average of 33.33 tubers per 1 kg) and the highest tuber yield (with an average of 2.368 kg /m2) was related to the Sifra cultivar with 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application in the 9 December planting date. In addition, the highest amount of SPAD value belonged to the 25 November planting date (with an average of 42.61) and the Challenger cultivar (with an average of 42.41). Sifra cultivar also showed the highest starch percentage of tubers under 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application (with an average of 46.16%).
 
Conclusion
Now, due to the lack of potato product in late winter, especially in the southern regions in the Iran, cultivation of early cultivars compatible with the region, such as Sifra on 9 December, in order to achieve optimal yield, and the use of salicylic acid foliar application is suggested in conditions similar to this study.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll concentration
  • Plant height
  • Sifra cultivar
  • Starch
  • Tuber yield
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