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تأثیر گرد و غبار بر میزان کلروفیل برگ، هدایت روزنه‌ای‌ و درصد تشکیل میوه خرمای مضافتی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای، رشته آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل. زابل، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل. زابل، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. مشهد، ایران.

4 استاد گروه فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل. زابل، ایران.

5 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان. سراوان، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر گرد و غبار اثر و پیامدهای زیانباری روی درختان خرما در مناطق مختلف داشته است. این پدیده روی کمیت و کیفیت محصول خرما اثرات منفی دارد. در این راستا، پژوهشی جهت بررسی تأثیر گرد و غبار بر کلروفیل برگ، هدایت روزنه‌ای، درصد تشکیل و ریزش میوه درختان خرما در سه منطقه از شهرستان سراوان در استان سیستان و بلوچستان با شدت‌های مختلف گرد و غبار انجام گرفت. انتخاب مکان‌های مورد مطالعه با استفاده از داده‌های هواشناسی و ماهوارهایی به تفکیک غلظت‌های مختلف گرد و غبار صورت گرفت و منطقه روتک (شدت گرد و غبار بالا)، جالق (شدت گرد و غبار متوسط) و سراوان (شدت گرد و غبار کم) انتخاب شدند. در هر یک از سه منطقه تعداد 5 نخلستان و درون هر نخلستان تعداد 5 اصله درخت خرما با شرایط یکسان انتخاب شدند. جهت اندازه‌گیری میزان کلروفیل برگ در دو حالت بدون شستشو و پس از شستشو و نیز هدایت روزنه‌ای از پنج برگ انتخابی، نمونه‌گیری‌ها انجام و اندازه‌گیری‌ها صورت گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس بیانگر اختلاف معنی‌دار میزان کلروفیل برگ بعد از شستشو و هدایت روزنه‌ای در سه منطقه بود. در منطقه سراوان با غبار ناچیز بیش‌ترین میزان کلروفیل برگ و در روتک با غلظت بالای گرد و غبار کم‌ترین مقدار آن مشاهده و همچنین مقدار کلروفیل برگ در هر سه منطقه در شرایط شستشوی برگ‌ها (سراوان در حالت شستشو 94/62) بیش‌تر از حالت عدم شستشو برگ‌ها (سراوان بدون شستشو 49/54) بود. میزان کلروفیل برگ در منطقه روتک با غلظت زیاد گرد و غبار در حالت شستشو 05/41 و در منطقه سراوان با گرد و غبار خیلی کم‌تر و در حالت شستشو 94/62 بود که بیانگر اختلاف معنی دار در مناطق از لحاظ میزان کلروفیل برگ بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان دهنده کاهش هدایت روزنه‌ای در مناطقی با میزان بالای گرد و غبار (منطقه روتک) نسبت به مناطقی با گرد و غبار پایین بود. بیش‌ترین درصد تشکیل میوه (98/92 درصد) در منطقه سراوان با میزان کم گرد و غبار و کم‌ترین آن (60 درصد) در منطقه روتک با میزان بالای گرد و غبار مشاهده شد. بیش‌ترین درصد تلقیح (85/98) و کم‌ترین درصد ریزش (14/1) نیز در منطقه سراوان و کم‌ترین درصد تلقیح (28/89) و بیش‌ترین درصد ریزش (17/10) در منطقه روتک مشاهده شد. در کل نتایج بیانگر اثرات منفی غلظت بالای گرد و غبار بر ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of dust on leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance and fruitset date palm trees (CV. Mozafati)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Osman Omara 1
  • Mahmoud Ramroudi 2
  • Alireza Rashki 3
  • Mohammad Galavi 4
  • Mitra Jabari 5

1 PhD student of Agro ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Arid and Desert Management, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Professor, Department of Crops Physiology of the Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.

5 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Higher education complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Dust nowadays has harmful effects on palm trees in different areas. This phenomenon has had a negative effects on the quantity and quality of the date crops. So effect of dust on leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance and fruit product percentage in date trees has been investigated.
 
Materials and Methods
The study regions were selected by using meteorological data with different dust concentrations. Routak (high dust intensity), Jalqh (medium dust intensity) and Saravan (low dust intensity) were selected. In each of the three regions, five groves and within each grove, 5 palm trees with similar conditions were selected. Leaf chlorophyll traits were measured in two modes without washing and after washing, As well as stomatal conductance of five chosen leaves.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed a significant difference in leaf chlorophyll and stomatal conductance after washing. Saravan region with the least dust had the highest leaf chlorophyll and Routak with high dust concentration had the lowest chlorophyll. Also, the amount of chlorophyll in all three regions in leaf washing conditions was higher than the state of not washing the leaves. Chlorophyll in the region with high concentration of dust is much less than the area with less dust. The mean comparison results show a decrease in stomatal conductivity in areas with high dust concentrations (Routak area). The highest percentage of fruitset (92.98%) was obtained in Saravan region with less dust concentration. The most inferior fruitset (60%) was obtained in the Routak region with high dust concentration. The highest percentage of inoculation (98.85) and the lowest percentage of precipitation (1.14) were obtained in Saravan. The lowest rate of inoculation (89.28) and the highest percentage of shedding (10.17) were obtained in Routak region.
 
Conclusion
Dust settles on the leaves, closing the stomata, reducing the stomatal conductance and chlorophyll. Severe dust reduces fruitset, fruit formation percentage and increases fruit drop percentage. In general, the obtained results showed the adverse effects of high dust concentration on the studied traits.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Jalgh
  • percentage of inoculation and percentage of fall of dates
  • Routak
  • Leaf washing
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 25-37
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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