تولیدات گیاهی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پرسش‌های متداول

اخبار و اعلانات

راهنمای تهیه مقاله

فرم های نشریه

مقایسه خصوصیات زایشی و فیزیکوشیمیایی میوه چهار رقم خرمای قصب، زاهدی، پیارم و مجول در استان کرمان

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 مربی، پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران

2 استادیار، پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 محقق بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر سطح زیر کشت ارقام برتر خرمای خشک و نیمه‌خشک، توسعه زیادی داشته است. برداشت، انبارداری و حمل‌ونقل با هزینه‌های کمتر، موجب رغبت کشاورزان به کشت و کار این ارقام شده است. آزمایشی در قالب طرح  کامل تصادفی با چهار رقم (ارقام خرمای قصب، زاهدی، پیارم و مجول) در 3 تکرار به مدت 2 سال (1398-1396) در کلکسیون خرمای پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری واقع در شهرستان نرماشیر از استان کرمان انجام شد. در چهار رقم خرمای مورد مطالعه صفات مربوط به زمان باردهی و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی میوه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد رقم قصب نسبت به ارقام دیگر تعداد خوشه با خوشچه‌های بیشتری در سال تولید می‌کند. اما میوه‌نشینی (06/45 درصد) و میزان ریزش میوه (45/53 درصد) در این رقم نسبت به ارقام دیگر بالاتر است. رقم زاهدی بیشترین میوه‌نشینی (73/76 درصد)، کمترین ریزش میوه (69/22 درصد) و پارتنوکارپی (47/0 درصد) را نشان داد. بیشترین عملکرد خوشه (5/5547 گرم)، وزن میوه (77/13 گرم)، طول میوه (27/4 سانتی‌متر)، قطر میوه (22/2 سانتی‌متر)، حجم میوه (74/12 سانتی‌متر مکعب) در خرمای رقم مجول دیده شد. کمترین وزن هسته (8/0 گرم)، طول هسته (1/2 سانتی‌متر)، قطر هسته (79/0 سانتی‌متر) مربوط به رقم زاهدی بود. بالاترین نسبت گوشت به هسته (86/11) و بیشترین درصد گوشت میوه (21/92) در رقم مجول دیده شد. رقم مجول بیشترین (12/18 درصد) و رقم قصب کمترین میزان رطوبت میوه (96/10 درصد) را دارا بود. در رقم زاهدی بالاترین میزان قند کل (85/ 76 درصد)، قند احیاء (70/73 درصد) و مواد جامد محلول (85/77 درصد) به‌دست آمد. این نتایج بیانگر آن است که بین ارقام برتر خرمای خشک و نیمه‌خشک نیز به لحاظ صفات باردهی و مورفوفیزیولوژیک تفاوت‌های زیادی وجود دارد که بسته به اهداف کشت در هر منطقه باید کشت آن‌ها توسعه یابد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Reproductive and Physicochemical Characteristics of Fruit in the Four Date Palm Cultivars `Qasb, Zahidi’, `Piyarom’ and `Medjool’ in Kerman Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahareh Damankeshan 1
  • Seyyed Samih Marashi 2
  • Mohammad Asaadi 3

1 Instructor of Horticulture Crops Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Kerman, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran

3 Researcher of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Kerman, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Date cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in this experiment are the best cultivars of dried and semi-dry dates in Iran and the world. In many areas, their cultivated area is increasing. The low cost of harvesting, transportation and storage has made farmers want to cultivate these cultivars. In this experiment, important morphological and physicochemical traits of the fruit of these cultivars in Normashir region were studied and compared.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments (Qasb, Zahedi, Pyarom and Medjool date cultivars) in 3 replications for 2 years (2017-2017). Twelve 15-year-old palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were selected. It was done in the collection of the Research Institute of Tropical Dates and Fruits located in Narmashir city. In this study, number of clusters, number of strands per cluster, percentage of fruit set, parthenocarpy and fruit drop, cluster yield, fruit flesh to kernel ratio, fruit flesh percentage, length, diameter, weight and volume of fruit and kernel, moisture content, total sugar reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and soluble solids were measured.
 
Results and Discussion
Qasb cultivar has more clusters (8 clusters) than other cultivars. The number of strings in the cluster was more in Qasb (61.16) and Pyarom (60) cultivars than other cultivars. The highest percentage of fruit set (76.73%) was observed in Zahedi cultivar and the highest percentage of fruit drop (53.45) was observed in Qasb cultivar. The highest yield per bunch (5547 g), weight (13.77 g), length (4.27 cm), diameter (2.22 cm) and fruit volume (12.74 cm3) were observed in Medjool cultivar. The cultivars were the same in Seed diameter. Zahedi cultivar had the lowest length (2.1cm) and kernal weight (0.8 g) and parthenocarpy (0.47%). Medjool had the highest seed weight (1.09 g) and Pyarom (2.61 cm) and Qasb (2.60 cm) cultivars had the highest seed length. Medjool cultivar had the highest pulp to kernel ratio (11.86), highest percentage of pulp (92.2%) and highest moisture content (18.12%). Zahedi cultivar had the highest total sugar content (77.85), reducing sugar (73.7) and non-reducing sugar (3.15) and total soluble solids content (77.85).
 
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that under the same managerial and climatic conditions, the top cultivars of dates are different in terms of reproductive characteristics. The high percentage of fruit set and the low percentage of fruit loss and parthenocarpy in Zahedi cultivar indicate the high success of cultivation of this cultivar in the region and similar climates. Cultivars also differ greatly in physicochemical properties of the fruit. In suitable managerial and climatic conditions at the time of pollination, Medjool cultivar with high yield and superior characteristics of fruit in terms of weight, length, diameter and volume of fruit for cultivation with the aim of export seems appropriate. Qasb and Pyarom cultivars with suitable appearance characteristics and lower sugar content are welcomed by some consumers. It is better for gardeners to cultivate and develop cultivars based on market demand in each region and export goals.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fruit drop
  • Fruit set
  • Kernel
  • Parthenocarpy
  • Phoenix dactylifera L
مراجع
Abdullahi, M. H., & Garko, M. (2012). Medicinal value of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Proceedings of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria Conference, 11–14 March,Nsukka, Nigeria.
Ahmadi, K., Ebadzadeh, H., Hatami, F. Hosseinpour, R., & Abd Shah. H. (2019). Agricultural Statistics of 2018. Publications of the Ministry of Jihad for Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center. 241 p. [In Farsi]
Al-Qarawi, A. A., Mousa, H. M., Ali, B. H., Abdel-Rahman, H., & El-Mougy, S. A. (2004). Protective effect of extracts from dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on carbon tetrachloride–induced hepatotoxicity in rats. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 2(3), 176-180.
Al-Qurashi, A. D., M. A. Awad., & M. I. Elsayed. (2012). Pre-harvest fruit drop, bunch weight and fruit quality of ‘Rothana’ and ‘Ghur’ date palm cultivars as affected by some plant growth regulators. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(81), 14644-14651.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis (15th Ed). Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists INC.
Ardekani, M., Khanavi, M., Hajimahmoodi, M., & Jahangiri, M. (2010). Comparison of antioxidant activity and total phenol contents of some date seed varieties from Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 9(2), 141-146.
Ashraf, Z., & Hamidi-Esfahani, Z. (2011). Date and date processing: A review. Food Reviews International, 27(2), 101-133.
Barghini, P., Di Gioia, D., Fava, F., & Ruzzi, M. (2007). Vanillin production using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli under non-growing conditions. Microbial Cell Factories, 6(1), 1-11.
Benmeziane-Derradji, F. (2019). Nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and biological activities of Middle Eastern and North African date fruit: an overview. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, 4(1), 1-11.
Damankeshan, B., Panahi, B., Asaadi, M., & Solaimani, N. (2021). Introduction of morphophysiological characteristics of date cultivars in Kerman province. Kerman: Kerman Agricultural Jihad Organization. [In Farsi]
Damankeshan, B. Z., H., Panahi, B., Asadi, M., Dehghan., Selajgeh, F., & Ali Mohammadi, M. (2018). Investigation of compatibility and determination of quantitative and qualitative properties of fruit of eight cultivars of foreign commercial dates. Final report of the research project in Dates and Tropical Fruits Research Institute of Iran. 48089  Issue. [In Farsi]
Darini, A. (2000). Study and comparison of yield of date cultivars in Jiroft. Research findings of tropical dates and fruits. Final report of the research project in Dates and Tropical Fruits Research Institute of Iran. 43260 Issue. [In Farsi]
Fadel, M. A. (2008). Sugar content estimation of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits in tamr stage. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal.
FAO. (2019). Statistical database. http://faostat.fao.org.
Hamza, H., Jemni, M., Bazmi, A., Tombari, T., & Naggaz, K. (2021). Characterization and Valorization of Dietary Fibre Concentrate from Parthenocarpic Date Fruits. European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2(3), 11-18.
Hamza, H., Mrabet, A., & Jiménez-Araujo, A. (2016). Date palm parthenocarpic fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Deglet Nour: chemical characterization, functional properties and antioxidant capacity in comparison with seeded fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 211, 352-357.
Hashempoor, M. (1999). Date treasure. Tehran, Iran: Agricultural Education Publication. [In Farsi]
Kader, A. A., & Hussein, A. M. (2009). Harvesting and postharvest handling of dates. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, 4, 15.
Mahmoudi, K., Rodini, A., Sabaki, A., & Kashani, M. (2016). Study and comparison of yield of date palm cultivars. Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute. Final report of the research project in Dates and Tropical Fruits Research Institute of Iran. 50175 Issue. [In Farsi]
Maqsood, S., Adiamo, O., Ahmad, M., & Mudgil, P. (2020). Bioactive compounds from date fruit and seed as potential nutraceutical and functional food ingredients. Food Chemistry, 308, 125522.
Marashi, S. S. (2019). Investigation of compatibility and determination of quantitative and qualitative properties of fruits of 4 commercial date cultivars in Ahvaz region. Final report of the research project in Dates and Tropical Fruits Research Institute of Iran. [In Farsi]
Mohamed, R. M., Fageer, A. S., Eltayeb, M. M., & Mohamed Ahmed, I. A. (2014). Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and mineral extractability of Sudanese date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits. Food Science and Nutrition, 2(5), 478-489.
Najafi Marghmaleki, S., Mortazavi, M., & Motamedi, H. (2019). The study of changes in phytochemical compounds of date fruit cv. barhee during development and ripening. Plant Productions, 42(4), 563-574.
Naseri, B., Aboutalebi, A., & Khademi, R. (2013). Effects of calcium and micro-nutrients amino chelate on quantity and quality of ‘Kabkab’date fruit. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 2, 1302-1306.
Nixon, R. W., & Carpenter, J. B. (1978). Growing dates in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 207, US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
Othmani, A., Jemni, M., Kadri, K., Amel, S., Artés, F., & Al-Khayri, J. M. (2020). Preharvest fruit drop of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cv. Deglet Nour at Kimri Stage: development, physico-chemical characterization, and functional properties. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(3), 414-432.
Panahi, B., Golshan. T. A., Soleimani, N., DamanKeshan, B., & Gheibi, M. (2016). Investigation of characteristics of kernel oils and fatty acids of two commercial date genotypes in Kerman province. Final report of the research project in Dates and Tropical Fruits Research Institute of Iran. 49711 Issue. [In Farsi]
Rahnama, A. A., & Rahkhodaei, E. (2014). The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm. Journal of Advances in Agriculture, 2(2), 67-71.
Sharifani, M. (1990). Investigation of the effects of date pollen grains (Metaznia), number of spikes and fruit thinning on physical and chemical processes of roasted dates. M.Sc. Thesis of Horticultural, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. [In Farsi]
Tafti, A. G., & Fooladi, M. (2006). A study on the physico-chemical properties of Iranian Shamsaei date at different stages of maturity. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences, 1(1), 28-32.
Torahi, A., Arzani, K., & Moallemi, N. (2017). Studying the effects of dust on date palm (phoenix dactylifera L.) pollination and fruit set. I International Conference and X National Horticultural Science Congress of Iran (IrHC2017) 1315.
Zaid, A., & Arias-Jimenez, E. d. J. (2002). FAO plant production and protection paper 156, Revision 1, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, 2002, Chapter 1. [Online].
Zargari, H. (2015). Investigation of compatibility and determination of quantitative and qualitative properties of fruits of eight cultivars of foreign commercial dates (Final report of the research project in Dates and Tropical Fruits Research Institute of Iran. 84398 Issue. [In Farsi]  
Zhu, H., Yuan, R., Greene, D. W., & Beers, E. P. (2010). Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and naphthaleneacetic acid on fruit set and expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and perception and cell wall degradation in apple. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 135(5), 402-409.
تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 193-204
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار