نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 مربی، پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران

2 استادیار، پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 محقق بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر سطح زیر کشت ارقام برتر خرمای خشک و نیمه‌خشک، توسعه زیادی داشته است. برداشت، انبارداری و حمل‌ونقل با هزینه‌های کمتر، موجب رغبت کشاورزان به کشت و کار این ارقام شده است. آزمایشی در قالب طرح  کامل تصادفی با چهار رقم (ارقام خرمای قصب، زاهدی، پیارم و مجول) در 3 تکرار به مدت 2 سال (1398-1396) در کلکسیون خرمای پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری واقع در شهرستان نرماشیر از استان کرمان انجام شد. در چهار رقم خرمای مورد مطالعه صفات مربوط به زمان باردهی و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی میوه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد رقم قصب نسبت به ارقام دیگر تعداد خوشه با خوشچه‌های بیشتری در سال تولید می‌کند. اما میوه‌نشینی (06/45 درصد) و میزان ریزش میوه (45/53 درصد) در این رقم نسبت به ارقام دیگر بالاتر است. رقم زاهدی بیشترین میوه‌نشینی (73/76 درصد)، کمترین ریزش میوه (69/22 درصد) و پارتنوکارپی (47/0 درصد) را نشان داد. بیشترین عملکرد خوشه (5/5547 گرم)، وزن میوه (77/13 گرم)، طول میوه (27/4 سانتی‌متر)، قطر میوه (22/2 سانتی‌متر)، حجم میوه (74/12 سانتی‌متر مکعب) در خرمای رقم مجول دیده شد. کمترین وزن هسته (8/0 گرم)، طول هسته (1/2 سانتی‌متر)، قطر هسته (79/0 سانتی‌متر) مربوط به رقم زاهدی بود. بالاترین نسبت گوشت به هسته (86/11) و بیشترین درصد گوشت میوه (21/92) در رقم مجول دیده شد. رقم مجول بیشترین (12/18 درصد) و رقم قصب کمترین میزان رطوبت میوه (96/10 درصد) را دارا بود. در رقم زاهدی بالاترین میزان قند کل (85/ 76 درصد)، قند احیاء (70/73 درصد) و مواد جامد محلول (85/77 درصد) به‌دست آمد. این نتایج بیانگر آن است که بین ارقام برتر خرمای خشک و نیمه‌خشک نیز به لحاظ صفات باردهی و مورفوفیزیولوژیک تفاوت‌های زیادی وجود دارد که بسته به اهداف کشت در هر منطقه باید کشت آن‌ها توسعه یابد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Reproductive and Physicochemical Characteristics of Fruit in the Four Date Palm Cultivars `Qasb, Zahidi’, `Piyarom’ and `Medjool’ in Kerman Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahareh Damankeshan 1
  • Seyyed Samih Marashi 2
  • Mohammad Asaadi 3

1 Instructor of Horticulture Crops Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Kerman, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran

3 Researcher of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Kerman, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Date cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in this experiment are the best cultivars of dried and semi-dry dates in Iran and the world. In many areas, their cultivated area is increasing. The low cost of harvesting, transportation and storage has made farmers want to cultivate these cultivars. In this experiment, important morphological and physicochemical traits of the fruit of these cultivars in Normashir region were studied and compared.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments (Qasb, Zahedi, Pyarom and Medjool date cultivars) in 3 replications for 2 years (2017-2017). Twelve 15-year-old palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were selected. It was done in the collection of the Research Institute of Tropical Dates and Fruits located in Narmashir city. In this study, number of clusters, number of strands per cluster, percentage of fruit set, parthenocarpy and fruit drop, cluster yield, fruit flesh to kernel ratio, fruit flesh percentage, length, diameter, weight and volume of fruit and kernel, moisture content, total sugar reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and soluble solids were measured.
 
Results and Discussion
Qasb cultivar has more clusters (8 clusters) than other cultivars. The number of strings in the cluster was more in Qasb (61.16) and Pyarom (60) cultivars than other cultivars. The highest percentage of fruit set (76.73%) was observed in Zahedi cultivar and the highest percentage of fruit drop (53.45) was observed in Qasb cultivar. The highest yield per bunch (5547 g), weight (13.77 g), length (4.27 cm), diameter (2.22 cm) and fruit volume (12.74 cm3) were observed in Medjool cultivar. The cultivars were the same in Seed diameter. Zahedi cultivar had the lowest length (2.1cm) and kernal weight (0.8 g) and parthenocarpy (0.47%). Medjool had the highest seed weight (1.09 g) and Pyarom (2.61 cm) and Qasb (2.60 cm) cultivars had the highest seed length. Medjool cultivar had the highest pulp to kernel ratio (11.86), highest percentage of pulp (92.2%) and highest moisture content (18.12%). Zahedi cultivar had the highest total sugar content (77.85), reducing sugar (73.7) and non-reducing sugar (3.15) and total soluble solids content (77.85).
 
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that under the same managerial and climatic conditions, the top cultivars of dates are different in terms of reproductive characteristics. The high percentage of fruit set and the low percentage of fruit loss and parthenocarpy in Zahedi cultivar indicate the high success of cultivation of this cultivar in the region and similar climates. Cultivars also differ greatly in physicochemical properties of the fruit. In suitable managerial and climatic conditions at the time of pollination, Medjool cultivar with high yield and superior characteristics of fruit in terms of weight, length, diameter and volume of fruit for cultivation with the aim of export seems appropriate. Qasb and Pyarom cultivars with suitable appearance characteristics and lower sugar content are welcomed by some consumers. It is better for gardeners to cultivate and develop cultivars based on market demand in each region and export goals.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fruit drop
  • Fruit set
  • Kernel
  • Parthenocarpy
  • Phoenix dactylifera L
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