نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - علوم علف های هرز

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، شناسایی و مبارزه با علف‌های هرز، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، باوی، ملاثانی، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، باوی، ملاثانی ، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، باوی، ملاثانی، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی اثر دوره­ های تداخل و کنترل علف ­های هرز بر عملکرد سوخ، اجزای عملکرد سیر و وزن خشک علف­ های ­هرز تحت تاثیر مدیریت تغذیه شیمیایی و آلی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1397-1398 در رامهرمز انجام شد. فاکتور اول شامل مدیریت تغذیه (شیمیایی و آلی) و فاکتور دوم شامل 12 تیمار دوره­ های تداخل و کنترل علف­ های هرز (0، 20، 40،60، 80، 120 و 160 روز) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر مدیریت تغذیه به جزء ارتفاع ساقه سیر برای صفات اندازه ­گیری شده علف­ های هرز (شامل وزن خشک علف های ­هرز باریک ­برگ، پهن ­برگ و کل علف­ های هرز) و صفات سیر شامل قطر سوخ، وزن سوخ، تعداد سیرچه در سوخ و عمکلرد سوخ معنی ­دار بود. همچنین تیمار دوره­ های تداخل و کنترل علف­ های هرز بر تمامی صفات اندازه­گیری شده علف­های هرز و سیر معنی­دار بود. برهمکنشی از تیمارهای مدیریت تغذیه و علف­های هرز بر صفات مورد مطالعه مشاهده نشد. نتایج نشان داد که بین دو مدیریت تغذیه شیمیایی و آلی برای صفات اندازه ­گیری شده سیر اختلاف معنی­ داری مشاهده گردید. اکثر صفات عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیر در کاربرد کودهای آلی نسبت به کودهای شیمیایی بیشتر بود. همچنین وزن خشک علف ­های هرز باریک، پهن­برگ و کل علف­ های هرز در شرایط کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی نسبت به کود­های آلی 5/11، 9 و 5/10 درصد افزایش یافت. نتایج دوره­ های تداخل و کنترل علف­ های هرز نشان­داد که با افزایش دوره تداخل علف­ های هرز، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیر کاهش و از دوره تداخل 120 روز عملکرد سیر 100 درصد کاهش داشت و با افزایش دوره کنترل (کنترل در تمام فصل رشد) عملکرد سوخ به بالاترین مقدار خود 3230 گرم در مترمربع رسید. همچنین کنترل علف­ های هرز به مدت20 روز در مراحل اولیه رشد سیر منجر به کاهش 86 درصدی عملکرد سوخ گردید. نتایج نشان داد که با توجه به حضور علف ­های هرز و قدرت رقابتی ضعیف سیر در برابر علف­ های هرز، مزرعه بایستی به مدت طولانی کنترل گردد و استفاده از کودهای آلی به دلیل آزادسازی تدریجی عناصر غذایی به خاک و افزایش ماده آلی در جهت حرکت به سمت مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی توصیه می­گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of periods of interference and weeds control in chemical and organic nutrition management on yield and yield components of garlic

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Zahedipour 1
  • Aydin Khodaei Joghan 2
  • Ahmad Zare 3

1 Graduated M. Sc. Student in Weed Science, Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Bavi, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Bavi, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Bavi, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as one of the medicinal plants has an important role in human health. Weeds control is very important to achieve optimal yield in agro-ecosystems. The competitive ability relationship between plant and weeds is determined by the species' biological traits and environmental conditions such as space, light, water, and nutrient availabilities. Fertilizers play a significant role in the competition between crops and weeds in agriculture. Responses of weeds and crops to fertilizer application could be different, but many weeds tend to respond better than crop species to the high availability of nutrients. Also, the kind of fertilizer (chemical and organic) can affect crop-weed competition. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate interference and weeds control periods in the application of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield and yield components of garlic in Ramhormoz climate.
 
Materials and Methods
A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out in Ramhormoz during 2019—2020 growing season. The first factor included nutritional management (chemical and organic) and the second factor included 12 treatments of interference and control period of weeds (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 and 160 days). Chemical nutrition management includes the application of urea (46% application preplanting and after emergence) and Triple superphosphate (46% application preplanting) and Organic management, including the application of cattle compost and inoculation with Mycorrhiza.
 
Results and Discussion
The results of analysis of variance revealed that the effect of nutritional management on height of garlic wasn’t significant and on other traits garlic (Bulb diameter, bulb weight, Number of cloves per bulb, Biological yield and yield bulb) and weeds (narrow leaf dry biomass, Broad leaves dry biomass and Total weeds dry biomass) was significant. Periods of Weed Interference and Control weed treatments on all measured traits of garlic and weeds were significant. No interaction effects of nutrition and weed management treatments on the studied traits were observed. There was a significant difference between chemical and organic nutrition management, most of the yield traits and yield components of garlic were higher in organic application than chemical fertilizers. Also, the narrow leaf biomass, broadleaf, and total weeds in chemical application in comparison to organic fertilizers increased by 11.5%, 9%, and 10.5%, respectively. During the interval period for 120 days, garlic yield decreased by 100% and with the increase of control period (control in all growing seasons), bulb yield reached the highest value (3230 g.m-2). In weed control treatment for 20 days, bulb yield decreased by more than 86% compared to weed control treatment throughout the growing season. It seems that organic fertilizers with gradual release of nutrients could affect the competition of garlic with weeds, and by using organic fertilizers, the dry weight of weeds was less than chemical fertilizers.
 
Conclusion
The results indicated that due to the presence of weeds and the poor competitive ability of garlic against weeds, the field must be controlled for a long time and the use of manure fertilizer for organic agriculture and increasing soil organic matter is recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bulb yield
  • Organic agriculture
  • Organic matter
  • Manure fertilizer
  • Weeds biomass
  • Weeds interference
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