نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 مربی پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مشهد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

کنجد با نام علمی (Sesamum indicum L.) گیاهی یکساله و گرمادوست از خانواده پدالیاسه (Pedaliaceae) است که به ملکه گیاهان روغنی مشهور است. این گیاه سازگار با شرایط اقلیمی ایران است و با توجه به ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فرد آن، امکان کشت دوم آن بعد از گندم در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک وجود دارد. برای استفاده از حداکثر ظرفیت تولیدی گیاهان، اعمال روش­های صحیح زراعی امری اجتناب ناپذیر است. از جمله این مدیریت ها تعیین تراکم بوته و آرایش کشت بهینه و انتخاب ژنوتیپ مناسب می­باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر آرایش کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه دو ژنوتیپ کنجد، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال­های 1396 و 1397 در منطقه بهبهان با مختصات جغرافیائی 30 درجه و 36 دقیقه عرض شمالی و 50 درجه و 14 دقیقه طول شرقی و اقلیم گرم و خشک، اجرا شد. در این آزمایش سه عامل شامل آرایش کاشت (کشت یک و دو ردیفه روی پشته)، تراکم بوته در واحد سطح (شامل تراکم 20، 30 و 40 بوته در مترمربع) و ژنوتیپ­های کنجد به نام­های محلی بهبهان و رقم شوین بررسی شدند. نتایج عملکرد دانه، به عنوان مهم­ترین صفت مورد بررسی، حاکی از آن است که در کشت یک ردیفه حداکثر عملکرد ژنوتیپ محلی بهبهان (1068 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تراکم 20 بوته در مترمربع حاصل شد و افزایش تراکم باعث کاهش معنی­دار عملکرد این ژنوتیپ در آرایش کاشت یک ردیفه شد. در کشت دو ردیفه، ژنوتیپ محلی بهبهان به افزایش تراکم گیاهی پاسخ مثبت داد و افزایش تراکم تا 40 بوته در مترمربع موجب افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد دانه آن شد. با این حال حداکثر عملکرد دانه حاصله در کشت دو ردیفه و تراکم 40 بوته در مترمربع (919 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در مقایسه با تیمار برتر (کشت یک ردیفه با تراکم 20 بوته در مترمربع)، 16 درصد کمتر بود. در رقم شوین حداکثر عملکرد دانه در کشت­های یک ردیفه (683 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و دو ردیفه (610 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به­ترتیب در تراکم­های 40 و 20 بوته در مترمربع بدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که متوسط عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ محلی بهبهان (851 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در مقایسه با رقم شوین (561 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در هر آرایش کشت و تراکمی به­طور معنی­داری برتر بود. چنین نتیجه­گیری می­شود که در منطقه بهبهان و برای ژنوتیپ محلی بهبهان، به عنوان ژنوتیپ برتر، کشت یک ردیفه با تراکم گیاهی 20 بوته در مترمربع قابل توصیه می­باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assistant Professor Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Gholamhoseini 1
  • Amirkhosro Danaie 2
  • Abbas Fallah toosi 3

1 Assistant Professor Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Instructor of Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Mashhad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) belongs to the Pedaliaceae family and is an annual and thermophilic plant known as the queen of oilseeds. Sesame is compatible with the climatic conditions of Iran, and due to its unique characteristics, it is possible to cultivate it second after wheat in arid and semi-arid regions. To utilize the maximum production capacity of sesame, implementing the proper agronomic practices such as plant density, optimal planting arrangement and selecting the appropriate genotype is inevitable.
 
Materials and Methods
To investigate the effect of planting arrangement and planting density on grain yield of two sesame genotypes, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in a hot and dry region situated in Behbahan (30° 36’ N; 50° 14’ E) in 2017 and 2018. The region is characterized as arid, and the average yearly precipitation (over a 30-yr period), which occurs mostly during the autumn and winter months, is 345 mm for the site. The annual mean temperature is 24 °C. The average temperature in 2017 was similar to the long-term meteorological data trend, while in 2017, the average temperature (22 °C) was lower. In this experiment, three factors included planting arrangement (cultivation of one and two rows on the ridge), planting density per unit area (including 20, 30 and 40 plants per square meter) and sesame genotypes Behbahan (local name) and Shavin cultivar were investigated. Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS software (9.4 version). Because Bartlett’s test revealed homogeneity in the variance of all studied traits, data were presented as the mean values for both years. When an F-test showed statistical significance at, the protected LSD was used to separate the main effects, and the significant interaction effects were separated by the slicing method.
 
Results and Discussion
The results of grain yield, as the most important trait, indicated that in single-row cultivation, the maximum yield of the Behbahan genotype (1068 kg ha-1) was obtained at a density of 20 plants per square meter. An increase in planting density caused a significant reduction in grain yield when Behbahan genotype was sown as single-row arrangement. In two-row cultivation, the Behbahan genotype responded positively to an increase in plant density and an increase in planting density was associated with a significant increase in grain yield. However, the maximum grain yield obtained in two-row cultivation with a density of 40 plants per square meter (919 kg ha-1) was 16% lower compared to the superior treatment (single-row cultivation with a density of 20 plants per square meter). In the Shavin cultivar, the maximum grain yield was obtained in single-row (683 kg ha-1) and two-row (610 kg ha-1) arrangements at densities of 40 and 20 plants per square meter. The results showed that the average grain yield of the Behbahan genotype (851 kg ha-1) was significantly higher than the Shavin cultivar (561 kg ha-1).
 
Conclusion
Overall, in the Behbahan region and for the local genotype of Behbahan, as the superior genotype, a single-row arrangement and plant density of 20 plants per square meter is recommended.  
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Local genotype of Behbahan
  • Oil percentage
  • Shavin cultivar
  • Weight of 1000 seeds
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