نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ‌ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استاد‌، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات بیولوژی پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، ایران

5 دانشیار‌، بخش تحقیقات زیست‌فناوری، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، ایران

چکیده

کاهش تنوع ژنتیکی گیاهان زراعی درنتیجه به‌کارگیری فرایندهای اصلاحی، منجر به از دست رفتن تعداد زیادی از ژن‌های مفید می‌شود. از این‌رو مطالعه‌ تنوع ژنتیکی گیاهان زراعی با استفاده از الکتروفورز پروتئین‌های ذخیره‌ای دانه می­تواند ابزاری سودمند درجهت بررسی خصوصیات آن‌ها از نظر پروتئین‌های ذخیره‌ای و در نتیجه تنوع باشد. در مطالعه حاضر، تنوع پروتئین‌های دانه 25 ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم به‌دست آمده از نواحی مختلف ایران که شامل برخی ارقام محلی و ارقام تجاری هستند با استفاده از روش الکتروفورز SDS-PAGE  بررسی شدند. پروتئین‌های ذخیره‌ای ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه بعد از استخراج و پس از الکتروفورز، نمره‌دهی و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. صفات محتوای پروتئین دانه، از بذور برداشت شده با استفاده از دستگاه NIR و محتوای گلوتن کل  با استفاده از دستگاه گلوتن‌شوی اندازه‌گیری شدند.این مطالعه در سال زراعی 97-1396 در مزرعه و آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی انجام پذیرفت. الکتروفورز منجر به شناسایی 14 نوار چندشکل گردید. تجزیه خوشه‌ای با استفاده از ضرایب جاکارد و به روش UPGMA ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه را به 4 گروه تقسیم کرد. نمودار دوبعدی حاصل از تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی نیز این 4 گروه را تایید کرد. بر اساس ماتریس تشابه جاکارد کمترین تشابه و بیشترین فاصله ژنتیکی بین ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 24 (رقم محلی اسلام آباد غرب) با ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 21 (رقم دهدشت)، 22 (رقم محلی خرم‌آباد) ، 23 (رقم دنا) و 25 (رقم محلی خرم آباد) با ضریب تشابه 41/0 به‌دست آمد. از طرفی مقایسه میانگین ژنوتیپ‌ها برای صفات کیفی محتوای پروتئین دانه و گلوتن کل بیشترین میزان این دو صفت را برای ژنوتیپ­های شماره 3 (رقم محلی کرمانشاه)، 4 (رقم محلی ایرانی با منشاء نامشخص)، 1 (رقم محلی خرم‌آباد) و 2 (رقم محلی خرم‌آباد) نشان داد و کمترین میزان هردو صفت نیز برای ژنوتیپ شماره 24 (رقم محلی اسلام­آباد غرب) به‌دست آمد. ژنوتیپ شماره 18 (رقم محلی اهر) نیز جزو ژنوتیپ‌های با مقادیر بالای گلوتن می‌باشد. با توجه به بررسی ژنوتیپ‌ها با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس صفات کیفی محتوای پروتئین دانه و گلوتن کل و مقایسه میانگین و نیز گروه‌بندی آن‌ها با استفاده از اطلاعات حاصل از الکتروفورز، می‌توان تلاقی بین ژنوتیپ‌های شماره3 (رقم محلی کرمانشاه) ،4 (رقم محلی ایرانی با منشاء ناشناخته)، 1 (رقم محلی خرم‌آباد) و 2 (رقم محلی خرم‌آباد) را به دلیل دارا بودن مقادیر بالای گلوتن و پروتئین با ژنوتیپ شماره 18 (رقم محلی اهر) به دلیل داشتن مقادیر بالای گلوتن و نیز فاصله ژنتیکی قابل قبول با ژنوتیپهای ذکر شده را پیشنهاد داد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Seed Storage Proteins Diversity in Some Durum Wheat Landraces and Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Soorninia 1
  • Abdollah Najaphy 2
  • Danial Kahrizi 3
  • Ali Mostafaie 4
  • Ali Ashraf Mehrabi 5

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

4 Professor, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

5 Biotechnology Research Division, Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Reducing the genetic diversity of crops as a result of the use of breeding processes leads to the loss of a large number of useful genes and thus reduces the diversity of genetic resources, which is one of the undeniable tools of breeding programs. Therefore, researches aimed at studying the genetic diversity of crops can be an effective aid in preserving genetic resources and identifying superior genotypes. Electrophoresis of seed storage proteins is a useful tool to study the characteristics of wheat genotypes in terms of storage proteins diversity.
 
Materials and Methods
In the present study, the diversity of seed storage proteins of 25 durum wheat genotypes obtained from different regions of Iran, including some landraces and commercial cultivars, was investigated using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Storage proteins of the studied genotypes were scored and analyzed after extraction and electrophoresis. Grain protein content and total gluten were measured by NIR and glutomatic gluten washer machines, respectively.
 
 
Results and Discussion
Electrophoresis identified 14 polymorphic bands. Molecular analysis of variance between landraces and commercial cultivars showed 100% intragroup diversity. Cluster analysis using Jaccard coefficients by UPGMA method divided the studied genotypes into 4 groups. Genotypes No. 9 (Land race of Mashhad), 18 (Land race of Ahar) and 24 (Landrace of Islamabad Gharb) were placed each in a separate group and the rest of the genotypes formed another group. The two-dimensional graph resulting from principal component analysis also confirmed these four groups. Based on Jaccard similarity matrix, the lowest similarity and highest genetic distance were determined between genotypes No. 24 (Land race of Islamabad Gharb) with genotypes No. 21 (Dehdasht cultivar), 22 (Land race of Khorramabad), 23 (Dena cultivar) and 25 (Land race of Khorramabad) with a similarity coefficient of 0.41 was obtained. On the other hand, comparing the mean of genotypes for qualitative traits of grain protein content and total gluten, the highest amount of these two traits for genotypes No. 3 (Landrace of Kermanshah), 4 (Landrace of unknown-Iran), 1 (Landrace of Khoram Abad) and 2 (Landrace of Khoramabad) and the lowest values of both traits were obtained for genotype No. 24 (Landrace of Islamabad-West). Genotype No. 18 (Landrace of Ahar) is also one of the genotypes with high amounts of gluten.
 
Conclusion
The electrophoretic pattern of seed storage proteins can determine genetic diversity based on the presence or absence of protein bands. Therefore it can be a useful tool to identify the genetic diversity of different plants. It is also possible for genotypes that have the greatest genetic distance and at the same time have good quantitative and qualitative traits to participate in breeding programs as parents. In the present study, according to the study of genotypes by analyzing the variance of qualitative traits of grain protein content and total gluten and comparing the mean and grouping them using the information obtained by electrophoresis, a cross can be found between genotypes genotypes No. 3 (Landrace of Kermanshah), 4 (Landrace of unknown-Iran), 1 (Landrace of Khoram Abad) and 2 (Landrace of Khoramabad) Due to their high content of gluten and protein with genotype No. 18 (Landrace of Ahar) due to its high content of gluten and acceptable genetic distance with the mentioned genotypes

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster analysis
  • Electrophoresis
  • Genetic diversity
  • Principal component analysis
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