نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، ایستگاه تحقیقات پسته دامغان، دامغان، ایران

چکیده

گرده‌افشانی ناقص گل‌های پسته یکی از مهم‌ترین دلایل پایین بودن عملکرد آن است. بنابراین انجام آزمایش‌هایی جهت بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی میوه رقم پسته ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. به منظور بررسی تأثیر گرده‌افشانی آزاد و کنترل‌شده بر برخی خصوصیات میوه و دانه پسته رقم احمد‌آقایی آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات پسته آستان قدس رضوی واقع در شهرستان بردسکن در سال 97-1396 اجرا شد. فاکتور روش گردهافشانی شامل دو سطح اسپری دانه گرده و استفاده از قلم‌مو و فاکتور نوع دانه گرده شامل چهار ترکیب آرد-‌گرده به همراه شاهد و سه تکرار بودند. نتایج تجزیه­ آماری نشان داد که استفاده از گرده آزاد گونه اهلی اثرات مثبت معنی‌داری بر اکثر صفات نسبت به سایر تیمارهای گرده گونه اینتگریما دارد. از طرفی گرده گونه اینتگریما در صفت مربوط به ناخندانی در روش گرده­افشانی اسپری نتایج مطلوب‌تری در تیمار IF4 (50/0 گرم گرده اینتگریما+ 25/0 گرم آرد) نسبت به شاهد و سایر تیمارها نشان داد. طبق نتایج روش گرده‌افشانی اسپری نسبت به روش گرده­افشانی قلم‌مو در صفات طول میوه خشک، عرض میوه خشک، ضخامت میوه خشک، عرض مغز میوه و ضخامت مغز میوه به‌ترتیب 07/1، 91/0، 86/1، 73/2، 79/5 درصد افزایش و در ارتباط با صفات طول مغز میوه، ناخندانی و انس به‌ترتیب 29/1، 71/23، 34/1 درصد کاهش نشان داد. در بررسی اثر متقابل روش گرده‌افشانی × مخلوط آرد-گرده، روش گرده­افشانی اسپری در تیمار IF4 در صفت ناخندانی با میانگین 99/3 درصد کم‌ترین میزان این صفت را نسبت به سایر تیمارها و شاهد نشان داد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، به نظر می‌رسد بتوان با استفاده از روش گرده‌افشانی اسپری و بکارگیری گرده گونه اینتگریما تا حدودی باعث کاهش برخی صفات مانند ناخندانی و انس در باغ­های پسته شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Free and Controlled Pollination on Fruit and Pistachio Seed Characteristics of Ahmad Aghaei Cultivar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Farhadi 1
  • Mohammad Mehdi Sharifani 2
  • Hossein Hokmabadi 3

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Pistachio Research center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization of Semnan Province, Dameghan Center, Dameghan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Iran, as the largest producer and exporter of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), is among the major pistachio producing countries in the world including USA, Turkey, Italy and Greece. Due to the altered nature of the pistachio, the high yield of the pistachio is due to the fact that the environment is quite suitable and fertility of the female flowers is high. As the edible and consumable part of this fruit is its brain, it is essential for brain formation, pollination and intercourse. Therefore, it is more important for fruit formation, pollination and blending than many fruits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial parent pollination of integerrima species on seed properties obtained by crossing with Ahmad aghaei and also to compare the effects of integerrima pollen with domestic pistachio pollen on the quantity and quality of pistachio fruit and seed.
 
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely block design with three replications in one of  the Astan Qods Razavi pistachio orchards in Bardsaskan-Anabed city, 297 km from Mashhad during 2016-2017. Experimental treatments included two pollinator methods (spray and brush) and five flour-pollen combinations (Table 1). Each replicate had one tree and five branches were selected from each tree with at least three to four flower buds. Four of them were controlled for pollination and one branch was considered for negative control. The branches were insulated by two-layer bags. The fruits were harvested in late summer and some quantitative and qualitative traits were measured.
 
Results and Discussion
The results of statistical analysis showed that the use of vera free pollen had a significant positive effect on most of the traits compared to other integerrima pollen treatments. On the other hand, integerrima pollen showed better results in IF4 treatment (0.50 g of integerrima pollen + 0.25 g flour) than control and other treatments. Also, the highest reduction of traits was observed in IF1 treatment (2 g of integerrima pollen + 0.25 g of flour) compared to other treatments in most of the traits. On the other hand, spraying method showed more favorable effects on most of the traits than brush pollinator method. Based on the results of this study, it seems that using spray pollinator and pollen of integerrima can reduce some traits such as Indehiscent nut in pistachio orchards.
 
Conclusion
In general, the results showed that supplemental pollination using spray-spraying method in flour-pollen mixtures can be commercially available to increase fruit formation, and reduce osteoporosis to some extent. However, little research is needed on the role of different pollen grains on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the resulting fruits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Controlled cross
  • Deformities
  • Indehiscent
  • Half kernel
  • Ounce
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