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بررسی اثر بیوپرایمینگ و پوشش‌دار کردن بذر بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa) در تنش کادمیوم

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - علوم بذر

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر بیوپرایمینگ با باکتری باسیلوس سابتلیس و پوشش‌دهی بذر بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه کینوا تحت تنش کادمیوم در سه آزمایش جداگانه به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 4 تکرار در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه دانشگاه یاسوج در سال 1398 اجرا شد. در آزمایش نخست فاکتور اول بیوپرایمینگ (وجود باکتری و عدم وجود باکتری) و فاکتور دوم تنش کادمیوم (صفر، 3/0 و 6/0 میلی‌مولار نیترات کادمیوم) بود و آزمایش دوم شامل روش‌های پوشش‌دار کردن بذر با باکتری (به‌صورت بذرهای بیوپرایم شده و بدون بیوپرایم و مخلوط باکتری با ترکیبات پوشش‌دهی) و فاکتور دوم مقادیر متفاوت از ورمی‌کولایت (V)، کائولن (K) و پرلیت (P) در پوشش بذر شامل V10K2.5P5, V8K2P4 و V12K3P6 بود و در آزمایش سوم فاکتور اول شامل چهار حالت مختلف استفاده از بیوپرایمینگ و پوشش بذر و فاکتور دوم تنش کادمیوم (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی‌مولار نیترات کادمیوم) بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کادمیوم باعث کاهش شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی شده و این روند نزولی با افزایش شدت تنش بیشتر گردید. هم‌چنین افزایش کادمیوم در خاک باعث افزایش 72 درصدی محتوای کادمیوم ریشه، کاهش در سرعت و درصد سبز شدن بذر گردید. بیوپرایمینگ بذرها منجر به افزایش شاخص طولی بنیه گیاهچه کینوا و بهبود روند رشد گیاهچه شد. پوشش‌دهی بذر تا حدودی باعث کاهش شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی شد اما در بسیاری از موارد وجود باکتری این روند نزولی را بهبود و تعدادی از شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی کینوا را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Bio-Priming and Seed Coating on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Indices of Chenopodium Quinoa in Cadmium Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Hajizadeh 1
  • Hamidreza Balouchi 2
  • Amin Salehi 3
  • Ali Moradi 3
  • Rasool Rezaei 4

1 M.Sc. student of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Cadmium contamination limits biodiversity, the activity of microbes and enzymes in the soil, and threatens human health through the food chain. Seed pretreatment is a common way to improve seed germination under stress conditions such as heavy metal stress, which increases seedling resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bio-priming with Bacillus subtilis and seed coating on seed germination and seedling growth indices of quinoa under cadmium stress.
 
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse conditions in three separate factorial experiments by two factors in a completely randomized design with 4 replications at laboratory and greenhouse of Yasouj University in 2019. In the first experiment, the first factor is bio-priming with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in two levels of presence and absence of bacteria and the second factor is cadmium stress in three levels of zero, 0.3, and 0.6 mM cadmium nitrate, in the second experiment, the first factor is the coating on three levels of seed inoculation with bio-priming treatment, then coating them, mixing bacteria with coating materials, then coating the seeds and coating alone and the second factor is three levels of treatment a combination coating of vermiculite (V), kaolin (K) and perlite (P) including V10K2.5P5, V8K2P4, and V12K3P6. In the third experiment, the first factor is Uncoated ± bio-priming and coated ± bio-priming and the second factor is cadmium stress factor at three levels of 0, 100 and 200 mM was cadmium nitrate.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that cadmium stress decreased germination indices and this downward trend increased with increasing stress intensity. Seed bio-priming increased the longitudinal index of quinoa seedling vigor and improved seedling growth. Seed coverage somewhat reduced germination indices, but in many cases, the presence of bacteria improved this downward trend and increased the number of quinoa germination indices. Also, increasing cadmium in soil caused a 72% increase in root cadmium content and a decrease in seed rate and germination percentage. Cadmium inhibits water absorption in seeds and reduces the amount of water in seedlings, which affects seed germination. Exposure to cadmium prevents seed germination, seedling growth, etc. The most important disorders caused by cadmium were reduced growth of roots and leaves and damage to DNA, which subsequently disrupted the cell cycle and changed the structure of cell walls and even cell death. Bacillus subtilis activates systemic induction resistance (ISR) in many plant products, thereby increasing disease resistance caused by pathogenic organisms and plant growth. This bacterium acts as a PGPR and protects the plant against stress.
 
Conclusion
Consequently, cadmium did not prevent quinoa germination, but its destructive effects were visible in other traits and caused a decrease in seedling length and weight, as well as seedling stem length and weight vigur index. Also, the coating of quinoa seeds caused a decrease in the germination rate, which by increasing the compounds surrounding the seed mixed with bacteria and coating materials, it was able to increase the germination rate by 8% in the combination of V10K2.5P5 and 16% in the combination of V12K3P6 rather than without bacteria treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacillus subtilis
  • Cadmium nitrate
  • Germination percentage
  • Titicaca
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 215-228
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