نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت عنصر روی در بسیاری از فرآیندهای گیاهی، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تنوع با استفاده از خصوصیات فنولوژیکی و بررسی اهمیت این صفات با عملکرد دانه در اثر درجه روز رشد (GDD)، در 64 رقم گندم بهاره تحت شرایط بهینه و تنش کمبود عنصر روی، پژوهشی در سال زراعی 99-1398 در قالب طرح لاتیس ساده در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه انجام شد. مراحل فنولوژیکی شامل تعداد روز تا جوانه­زنی، تعداد روز تا سنبله­دهی، تعداد روز تا گرده­افشانی، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و طول دوره پر شدن دانه به همراه GDD آن­ها زمانی­که 50 درصد نمونه­ها در مرحله نموی مربوطه قابل مشاهده بودند، یادداشت­برداری شدند. علاوه بر صفات فنولوژیکی تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد که تحت شرایط بهینه و تنش کمبود روی بین ارقام مورد بررسی از نظر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به­جز صفت تعداد روز تا گرده­افشانی تفاوت آماری معنی­داری وجود دارد. براساس نتایج آماره­های توصیفی تحت شرایط تنش کمبود روی صفات عملکرد، تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزار دانه کاهش و صفات فنولوژیک افزایش داشتند. در میان صفات فنولوژیک، نه تنها صفت تعداد روز تا سنبله­دهی تنوع نسبتاً بالایی داشت، بلکه براساس نتایج همبستگی و رگرسیون ارتباط معنی­داری با عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش کمبود روی نشان داد. تجزیه به عامل­ها نشان داد که در شرایط نرمال چهار عامل اصلی 81/87 درصد از تغییرات کل را تبیین نمودند، به طوری که سهم عامل­های اول تا چهارم به ترتیب 38/38، 52/21، 88/15 و 03/12 درصد بود. در شرایط تنش کمبود روی پنج عامل اصلی 68/95 درصد از تغییرات کل را توجیه نمودند، به طوری که سهم عامل­های اول تا پنجم به ترتیب 62/34، 48/18، 51/17، 66/14 و 40/10 بود. تجزیه کلاستر ارقام گندم بهاره مورد مطالعه را در شرایط نرمال و تنش کمبود روی به ترتیب در سه و چهار گروه طبقه­بندی نمود. براساس نتایج تجزیه کلاستر در شرایط بهینه و تنش کمبود روی، ارقام نیشابور، گلستان و گهر به عنوان ارقام مطلوب و متحمل شناسایی شدند که می­توانند در برنامه­های به نژادی آتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. نتایج حاصل از گروه­بندی تجزیه کلاستر براساس نتایج تابع تشخیص کانونیکی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of phenotypic diversity of cumulative growing degree-days (GDD) and grain yield in spring wheat cultivars under optimal and zinc deficiency conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Valipour 1
  • Hadi Alipour 2
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 3

1 M.Sc. Candidate, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Bread wheat is the first grain and the most important annual crop in the world. Like other crops, wheat faces many environmental constraints such as a lack of trace elements during its growth period. Zinc deficiency is a common micronutrient disorder in wheat-growing areas of the world. The growing degree-days (GDD) index is reliable compared to the time calendar due to its stability. These indices are important for comparing genotypes whose physiological developmental stages do not match. Temperature is an important meteorological variable in the study of plant growth and development processes and therefore its study on short time scales leads to a more accurate estimate of thermal need due to the relatively wide range of temperature changes in different phenological stages, setting the planting date. Studying the effect of temperature on wheat genotypes should be based on sufficient time and temperature to complete the phenological stages in which grain yield components are formed.
 
Materials and Methods
To study the phenological stages, cumulative growing degree-days, and grain yield and its components in 64 spring wheat cultivars under optimal and zinc deficiency conditions, a study was conducted in the 2019-2020 cropping season based on a simple lattice design in the research field of Urmia University, Iran. Phenological stages include the number of days to germination, the number of days to booting, the number of days to pollination, the number of days to physiological maturity, and the grain filling period with their GDDs during the growing season in each pot based on 50% of the samples were determined to have reached the relevant vegetative stage. In addition to phenological stages along with the number of grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield were examined.
 
Results and Discussion
Analysis of variance revealed that there is a statistically significant difference among all cultivars in terms of all studied traits except the number of days to pollination under optimal and zinc deficiency conditions. According to the results of descriptive statistics, grain yield, the number of grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight decreased and phenological traits increased under zinc deficiency conditions compared to optimal conditions. Among phenological traits, not only the number of days to spike showed relatively high variability but also had a significant relationship with grain yield under zinc deficiency based on the results of correlation and regression analyses. The factor analysis showed that under optimal conditions, the first four components explained 87.81 percent of the total variation, so that the contribution of the first to fourth components were 38.38, 21.52, 15.88, and 12.3 percent. Under zinc deficiency stress conditions, the first five components explained 95.68 percent of the total variation, so that the first to fifth components explained 34.62, 18.48, 17.51, 14.66, and 10.40 percent, respectively. Cluster analysis classified all spring wheat cultivars into three and four clusters under optimal and zinc deficiency stress conditions.
 
Conclusion
Based on the results of cluster analysis under optimal and zinc deficiency stress conditions, Neishabour, Golestan, and Gahar cultivars were identified as desirable and tolerant cultivars that can be used in future breeding programs. The results of cluster analysis were confirmed by results of canonical discriminant function results

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Thermal need
  • Phenological stages
  • Micronutrient
  • Biplot
  • Cluster analysis
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