نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - اصلاح نباتات

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استاد، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان. سیستان و بلوچستان، سروان، ایران

5 دانشجوی دکتری اصلاح نباتات-ژنتیک مولکولی و مهندسی ژنتیک، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده


مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی از گام‌های مهم در طرح‌ریزی برنامه‌های به‌نژادی گیاهان زراعی می‌باشد. طبق نظر محققان متنوع بودن جمعیت تحت گزینش حصول نتایج مطلوب در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی را تضمین می‌کند و در این راستا استفاده از ظرفیت توده‌های محلی، پیشبرد اهداف اصلاحی را بسیار کارآمد می‌سازد. لذا هدف از اجرای این پژوهش بررسی صفات اگرومرفولوژیک 30  توده فلفل ایرانی جهت شناسایی پتانسیل به‌نژادی توده‌های بومی و زمینه‌سازی در جهت تولید ارقام هیبرید و استفاده به‌نژادگران بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در پنج تکرار به‌صورت گلدانی در محل گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه طی سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. نتایج اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری را بین توده‌ها برای کل صفات مورد بررسی نشان داد. بالاترین ضریب تنوع فنوتیپی را وزن تک میوه (36/88) و بالاترین ضریب تنوع ژنوتیپی را نیز وزن تک میوه (63/83) داشت. صفات وزن گوشت میوه و عملکرد میوه (950/0) دارای بالاترین ضریب همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار و صفات وزن تک میوه و تعداد میوه (558/0) نیز دارای بالاترین ضریب همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار بودند. طبق نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای توده‌های مورد مطالعه در پنج خوشه تقسیم‌بندی شدند. توده‌های تبریز واقع در خوشه اول و قره‌باغ ارومیه واقع در خوشه چهارم از لحاظ صفت تعداد میوه نسبت به سایر توده‌ها برتری داشتند. توده‌های باش‌قلعه ارومیه، نخجوان ارومیه و کشتیبان ارومیه در یک خوشه قرار گرفتند و نسبت به سایر توده‌های مورد مطالعه از لحاظ اکثر صفات برتری داشته و عملکرد میوه بیشتری داشتند. لذا می‌توان از این توده‌ها به‌عنوان یکی از والدین برتر در تلاقی با سایر توده‌ها جهت ایجاد ترکیبات مطلوب ژنتیکی بهره‌مند شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Agro-Morphological Traits in Iranian Peppers Population (Capsicum annuum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Salehian 1
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 2
  • Mahmoud Rezazadeh Bari 3
  • Mitra Jabari 4
  • Marjan Jannatdoust 5

1 M.Sc. in Agricultural Biotechnology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Productions, Faculty of Agriculture, Higher Education Complex of Saravan. Sistan and Baluchestan, Saravan, Iran

5 Ph.D. Student of Plant Breeding-Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The study of genetic diversity is an important step in planning crop breeding programs. According to researchers, diversity of the population under selection ensures the desired results in breeding programs. In this regard, using the capacity of local populations to create new cultivars and achieve maximum diversity is very efficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the agro-morphological traits of pepper populations to identify the breeding potential of local populations for producing hybrid cultivars.
 
Materials and Methods
In the present study, 30 populations of Iranian peppers were planted in five replications in the research greenhouse of Department of Plant Production and Genetics of Urmia University, in order to study the genetic variability in terms of some agro-morphological traits. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) in pot conditions in  2016-2017. In this study, variance analysis (ANOVA) and mean comparison of traits by Duncan's multiple range test, estimation of phenotypic correlation by Pearson method and principal component analysis on correlation coefficient and also cluster analysis by Ward method has done and realized. Also, the variance components, heritability (h2), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), and environmental coefficient of variation (ECV) were calculated.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed significant difference among the populations for all studied traits. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) (88.36) was observed for single fruit weight and also the highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) (83.63) was observed for the same trait (single fruit weight). The pulp weight and fruit yield (0.950) had the highest significant positive correlation coefficient and the single fruit weight and fruit number (-0.558) had the highest significant negative correlation coefficient. According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis, the studied populations were divided into five clusters based on the studied traits. The Tabriz population in the first cluster and the Gharah Bagh-Urmia population in the fourth cluster were superior in the fruit number trait.
 
Conclusion
In this study based on the results of mean comparisons Bash Ghala (from Urmia), Nakhchivan (from Urmia) and Keshtiban (from Urmia) populations were superior in terms of most of the studied traits. Also, Bash Ghala (from Urmia), Nakhchivan (from Urmia) and Keshtiban (from Urmia) populations were in the same cluster had higher fruit yield than other studied populations. Therefore, these populations can be used as one of the top parents in the intersection with other populations to create desirable genetic compounds.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genotypic coefficient of variation
  • Fruit yield
  • Pepper
  • Morphological markers
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