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ارزیابی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی دانه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) به رژیم‌های آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی با نانوکودهای روی و منگنز

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گل و گیاهان زینتی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

 
چکیده
این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی کاربرد نانوکودهای روی و منگنز بر کاهش اثرهای کمبود آب آبیاری بر آفتابگردان تحت شرایط مزرعه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال 1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جهاد کشاورزی لاهیجان اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل؛ چهار سطح آبیاری 15 (شاهد)، 30 (تنش ملایم)، 45 (تنش متوسط) و 60 (تنش شدید) درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس خاک و چهار سطح محلول‌پاشی شامل؛ آب‌مقطر (شاهد)، نانو کلات روی، نانو کلات منگنز و نانو کلات روی + نانو کلات منگنز با غلظت 4 در هزار بودند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برهمکنش رژیم آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی در صفات شاخص برداشت، پراکسیداز، پروتئین دانه، روغن دانه و عملکرد روغن معنی‌دار بود و در بقیه صفات اثرات اصلی معنی‌دار شد. کاربرد توأم نانوکلات‌های روی و منگنز در صفات قطر طبق و ساقه، عملکرد دانه، سرعت فتوسنتز و عملکرد پروتئین به‌ترتیب 69/26، 77/29، 37/34، 30/61 و 17/57 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. هم‌چنین، محلول‌پاشی نانوکودهای روی و منگنز به‌طور میانگین 86/17 و 68/36 درصد شاخص برداشت و پروتئین دانه را نسبت به تیمار شاهد تحت شرایط تنش شدید بهبود بخشید. به‌طورکلی، کاربرد توأم نانو کودهای روی و منگنز در افزایش عملکرد دانه، پروتئین و روغن و هم‌چنین افزایش فتوسنتز در شرایط تنش مؤثر بوده و در بروز مقاومت در گیاه آفتابگردان از طریق کاهش فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و کاهش افت شدید عملکرد بسیار مؤثر است. درنهایت، کاربرد توأم نانو کودهای روی و منگنز جهت حصول عملکرد مطلوب تحت شرایط تنش خشکی توصیه می‌گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Response to Different Irrigation Regimes and Spraying of Zn and Mn Nano-Fertilizers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Ghanbari 1
  • Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli 2
  • Kamran Mansour Ghanaei-Pashaki 3
  • Parniyan Talebi-Siah Saran 4

1 Ph.D. Graduate of Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Ph.D. Candidate of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran

4 M.Sc. Graduate Student, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an annual plant belonging to the genus Helianthus and Astraceae (Kazi et al., 2002). Among abiotic stresses, drought stress is considered to be the most influential type of stress in the production of oil seeds in the world and can greatly reduce production on many arable lands. One of the primary effects of drought is the reduction of water content of plant tissues (Ghanbari et al., 2016). Nutrient spraying is one of the common methods of supplying nutrients to higher plants, whose efficiency is greater than soil fertilizer use when soil conditions are poor (Hay and Porter, 2006). Mn, as an activating factor in many enzymes, especially the enzymes involved in photosynthetic processes in plants. Manganese deficiency reduces growth, causing necrosis, and early fall of leaves (Tewari et al., 2005). Zn acts as part of the enzyme structure or as a cofactor. It is used to make RNA, DNA metabolism of carbohydrates, oils and proteins (Shahrokhi et al., 2012).  To investigate the effect of Zn Nano-fertilizer in combination with Mn Nano-fertilizer on improving sunflower resistance under water deficit conditions by measuring changes in yield, yield components and biochemical properties of sunflower were studied here to see the reults
 
Materials and Methods
This research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Lahijan Agricultural Jihad Research Farm in 2019. Factorial combinations of four treatments of water deficit stress (15% (un-stressed control), 30% (mild stress), 45% (moderate stress) and 60% (severe stress) of FC depletion) and four spraying (Control (distilled water), Zn, Mn and Zn+Mn Nano-fertilizer) with 4 mg.l-1 concentration were examined. Drip irrigation (T-tape) applied the row length in each experimental plot was 6 m, 50 cm apart. The distance between the plots and between the repetitions was 1 and 3.5 m, respectively.
 
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that the interaction between irrigation regime and spraying was significant in harvest index, peroxidase, seed protein, seed oil and oil yield; in other traits the main effects were significant. Co-application of Zn and Mn Nano-chelates in panicle and stem diameter, grain yield, photosynthesis rate and protein yield increased by 26.69, 29.77, 34.37, 61.30 and 57.17%, respectively. Spraying of zinc and manganese nano-chelates also improved grain yield and protein yield by 17.86 and 36.68%, respectively, under severe stress conditions.
 
Conclusion
In general, it can be concluded that the application of Zn and Mn Nano-fertilizers is effective in increasing grain yield, protein and oil yield and photosynthesis under stress conditions and it is very effective in resistance to sunflower plant by reducing the activity of stress enzymes and reducing severe yield loss. Finally, co-application of zinc and manganese Nano-fertilizers depending on the stress areas is recommended for optimal performance under drought stress condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anti-oxidant
  • Drought
  • Micro nutrients
  • Nano chelate
  • Water deficit
مراجع
References
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 475-488
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هم رسانی
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