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مطالعه رقابت گیاه سویا(Glycine max (L) Merrill) و چیا(Salvia hispanica L.) در نسبت‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط به‌صورت جایگزینی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده علوم زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ، ساری، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی کشت مخلوط بر خصوصیات زراعی گیاه چیا و سویا، آزمایشی در سال 1398 و به صورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل نسبت‌های کاشت 0:100، 25:75، 50:50، 75:25 و 100:0 (به‌ترتیب چیا-سویا) به روش جایگزینی بودند. نتایج نشان داد نسبت‌های مختلف کاشت اثر معنی‌داری بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد دانه و درصد نیتروژن حاصل از تثبیت بیولوژیکی سویا و ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی، تعداد گل‌آذین در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه چیا داشتند. بیشترین تعداد شاخه ‌فرعی، تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن هزار دانه سویا مربوط به نسبت کاشت 25:75 بود. با کاهش تعداد ردیف کاشت چیا در نسبت‌های مختلف کاشت ارتفاع بوته و وزن هزار دانه چیا افزایش و تعداد گل‌آذین در بوته کاهش یافت. همچنین در طی مراحل مختلف رشد، درصد نیتروژن حاصل از تثبیت بیولوژیکی در کشت مخلوط بیشتر از کشت خالص بود و مقدار آن با کاهش سهم کاشت سویا در کشت مخلوط افزایش یافت. علاوه بر آن کشت خالص سویا (100:0) و چیا (0:100) به‌ترتیب با میانگین 57/4629 و 14/823 کیلوگرم در هکتار دارای بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه بودند. بیشترین مقدار شاخص نسبت برابری زمین مربوط به نسبت کاشت 25:75 با میانگین 22/1 بود. افزایش کارایی کشت مخلوط در نسبت کاشت 25:75 به علت افزایش 37/75 درصدی سهم اثر مکملی بر عملکرد دانه و ایجاد تعادل و تسهیل در رقابت بین‌گونه‌ای است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) and Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Competition in the Different Intercropping Ratios Based on Replacement Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahmat Abbasi 1
  • Meisam Namdari 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Today, efficient agricultural systems such as intercropping are essential due to the optimal use of resources. Meanwhile, using the Legume plant in intercropping can increase the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation and be a sustainable approach to meet the crop's nitrogen needs. Since the planting pattern and component crop greatly influence this biological process, selecting complementary species in intercropping can play an essential role in increasing flexibility and sustainability in farming systems.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to study the effects of intercropping culture on the agronomic traits of Chia and Soybean, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University in 2019. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (Soybean: Chia respectively) using replacement method.
 
Results and Discussion
Results showed that intercropping significantly affected shoot height, No. branch, grain yield,
components yield, and the N. derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa). In the Chia, reducing the number of planting rows in different planting ratios, shoot height, and 1000-seed weight increased in contrast to the number of inflorescences per plant. Different planting ratios had no significant effect on the number of branches per plant of Chia. The soybean crop had the highest no. of branches, the number of pods per plant, and the 1000 seed weight in the 25:75 planting ratio. The highest shoot height was related to the monoculture soybean (100:0), and with decreasing the number of soybean planting rows in intercropping, the shoot height decreased. Also, the Ndfa in intercropping culture was higher than in monoculture during different growth stages. Its amount increased with a decreasing share of soybean planting in intercropping. Biological nitrogen fixation in soybean intercropping cultivation with Chia increased 75 days after planting and then decreased. Besides, the pure stand of Soybean (100: 0) and Chia (0: 100) had the highest and lowest grain yield with an average of 4629.57 and 823.14 kg. ha-1, respectively. Considering the total yield of Chia and Soybean in intercropping cultivation and the compensatory ability to increase the yield of Soybean against the decrease in the yield of Chia, the effect of competition between the two crops is positive complementation. lculation of land equivalent ratio (LER) revealed that the planting ratio of 25:75 had the highest efficiency by 22 percent.
 
Conclusion
Chia in intercropping can improve the yield components of Soybean while improving the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation. Increasing the efficiency of intercropping cultivation in the planting ratio of 25:75 due to the increase of 75.37% is the share of the complementarity effect on grain yield, creating balance and facilitating inter-species competition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological nitrogen fixation
  • Complementarity effect
  • Grain yield
  • LER
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 1-14
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هم رسانی
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