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بررسی اثرات نیترات کلسیم و فسفیت پتاسیم بر عمر انباری و برخی صفات کیفی پرتقال تامسون ناول

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری فیزیولوژی تولید و پس از برداشت گیاهان باغبانی، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران؛ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

4 دانشیار پژوهشکده میوه های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه علوم باغبانی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزس و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده


پرتقال از محصولات مهم مرکبات است که احتمال فساد و پوسیدگی آن در تمامی مراحل برداشت و پس از برداشت وجود دارد. استفاده از عناصر معدنی به خصوص کلسیم و پتاسیم می‌تواند اثر مهمی در افزایش کیفیت میوه و عمر انباری آن داشته باشد. بدین منظور پژوهشی در سال 1398 در شهرستان قائم‌شهر انجام شد که در این پژوهش محلول‌پاشی نیترات کلسیم (صفر، 2 و 4 گرم بر لیتر) و فسفیت پتاسیم (صفر، 5/1 و 3 گرم بر لیتر) در اواخر مهرماه در سه مرحله به‌صورت هفتگی و به‌صورت دستی انجام شد. سپس یک هفته پس از پایان تیمارها، عملیات برداشت با قیچی باغبانی انجام گرفت. میوه‌ها پس از شستشو، به‌مدت سه‌ماه در دمای معمولی نگهداری شدند. پارامترهای مختلفی از قبیل صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی، آنتی‌اکسیدانی، عناصر، آنزیم‌ها و بازارپسندی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد غلظت‌های بالاتر نیترات کلسیم و فسفیت پتاسیم موجب بهبود صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در روز برداشت شده است که دلیل احتمالی آن نقش این تیمارها در افزایش مقاومت دیواره سلولی و پارامترهای کیفی از جمله قند میوه می‌باشد. میوه‌های تیمار شده با نیترات کلسیم و فسفیت پتاسیم خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی، سفتی و مواد جامد محلول بیشتر و هم‌چنین افت وزن و پوسیدگی کمتری در انبار داشتند. ارزیابی بازارپسندی نیز حاکی از آن بود که استفاده از تیمارهای 4 گرم بر لیتر نیترات کلسیم و 3 گرم بر لیتر فسفیت پتاسیم موجب حفظ کیفیت میوه‌ها در طول انبارداری شده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effects of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Phosphite on the Storage Life and Some Quality Traits of Thomson Navel Orange

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amirali Mohammadi 1
  • Mehrdad Shahabian 2
  • Mahmoud Reza Ramezanpour 3
  • Shokrollah Hajivand 4

1 1- Ph.D. Student in the Physiology of Production and Post-harvest of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant products, Gorgan Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources University, Gorgan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran

3 3- Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran

4 Associate Professor , Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj,Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Oranges belong to the Citrus (family Rutaceae) and are an important source of antioxidants, including phenolic compounds and vitamin C. These compounds have a protective effect against various diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular. Since there is a possibility of decay and rot of Citrus in all stages of harvest and post-harvest, the use of mineral elements may have an important effect on increasing the quality of the fruit and its shelf life. This effect varies depending on the species and cultivar of Citrus. Mineral elements, especially potassium and calcium, affect fruit growth and Citrus fruit quality.
 
Materials and Methods
To investigate the effect of spraying, a research was conducted in Qaemshahr city in 2019, which in this study, manual foliar application of calcium nitrate (0, 2 and 4 g / l) and potassium phosphite (0, 1.5 and 3 g / l) was done in the late October in three stages with a week interval. Then, one week after the last treatment, the harvesting operation was performed with garden shears. After washing, the fruits were kept in normal temperature for 3 months. Various parameters such as morphology (percentage of weight loss, firmness, percentage of decay, etc.), biochemical (total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and acidity of fruit juice (pH)), antioxidant (percentage of inhibition and vitamin C), enzyme (ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and marketability traits were evaluated.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the application of higher concentrations of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite improved the measured traits at harvest day. The use of these materials has also increased the shelf life and quality of the fruit during storage. Fruits treated with calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite had more antioxidant properties on the day of harvest. The highest amount of vitamin C and inhibition percentage were observed in the treatment of 4 g / l calcium nitrate and 3 g / l potassium phosphite at harvest day. Treated fruits were more firm and less rotten during storage than control ones. Also, the treated fruits had more soluble solids and titratable acidity. Also, during storage, the quality of the fruit and its marketability decreased, but fruits treated with calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite received higher scores from the evaluators. The use of calcium increases the strength of the membrane and reduces the activity of enzymes that relax the cell wall, which therefore increases the firmness of the fruit and reduces the weight loss and rot of fruits during storage. The use of potassium phosphite has also been effective in reducing caries. Calcium along with potassium play a role in photosynthesis and cause the accumulation of sugars. Vitamin C is associated with a decrease during storage, due to the use of ascorbic acid as an ascorbate peroxidase cofactor. Finally, it seems that the marketability of the fruit has increased due to the increase of quality traits such as sugars, due to the use of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite.
 
Conclusion
The storage of Thomson Novel oranges was affected by the treatments used, and the highest firmness, weight and quality characteristics of the fruit were obtained in the highest amount of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite. Also, the rate of caries has decreased significantly with the use of these treatments.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Citrus
  • Elements
  • Enzyme
  • Firmness
  • Weight
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 181-192
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هم رسانی
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