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تأثیر بیوچار و هیدروژل بر خصوصیات مرفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی مریم‌گلی (Salvia officinalis L.) تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران

چکیده

خشکی و پائین بودن کربن آلی خاک دو مسئله مهم برای کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. استفاده از بیوچار و هیدروژل می‌تواند اثرات مخرب خشکی برگیاه را کاهش دهد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر بیوچارو هیدروژل بر پارامترهای مرفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی مریم‌گلی تحت تنش خشکی بود. به این منظور یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1398 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی شهرک صنعتی میبد انجام شد. تیمارها شامل پنج سطح بیوچار و هیدروژل (شامل عدم کاربرد، کاربرد 10 و 20 تن در هکتار بیوچار، کاربرد 100 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار هیدروژل) و سه سطح تنش خشکی (آبیاری در 80% ظرفیت مزرعه (FC) به عنوان عدم تنش، آبیاری در 60% FC به عنوان تنش متوسط و آبیاری در 40% FC به‌عنوان تنش شدید) بود. پارامترهای مختلف از قبیل شاخص سبزینگی برگ، سطح برگ، ارتفاع، محتوای نسبی آب (RWC)، نشت یونی، محتوای فنل کل و ظرفیت آنتی‌کسیدانی ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که خشکی منجر به کاهش پارامترهای رشدی و RWC شد در حالی که نشت یونی، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و فنل کل افزایش یافت. کاربرد 20 تن در هکتار بیوچار و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار هیدروژل به‌طور معنی‌داری شاخص سبزینگی، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی را نسبت به شاهد در تنش شدید خشکی افزایش داد. در تنش متوسط، کاربرد 10 و 20 تن در هکتار بیوچار و هم‌چنین کاربرد 100 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار هیدروژل، نسبت ریشه به اندام هوایی را در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش دادند. با این وجود در تنش شدید، تنها کاربرد 10 و 20 تن در هکتار بیوچار نسبت ریشه به اندام هوایی را کاهش داد. در شرایط عدم تنش و تنش شدید، کاربرد 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار هیدروژل منجر به افزایش RWC نسبت به شاهد شد (به‌ترتیب 9/15 و 1/5%). نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار هیدروژل و20 تن در هکتار بیوچار، نشت یونی و فنل کل را در تنش متوسط و شدید نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. همه تیمارها در تنش شدید خشکی منجر به کاهش ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی نسبت به شاهد شدند و تیمار شاهد بیشترین ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی را داشت. به‌نظر می‌رسد که کاربرد بیوچار و هیدروژل با بهبود ساختمان خاک، افزایش ظرفیت نگهداری آب در خاک و هم‌چنین اضافه شدن عناصر توسط بیوچار به خاک، بتوانند اثرات مخرب خشکی بر گیاه را کاهش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Biochar and Hydrogel on Morphophysiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shayesteh Ghias 1
  • Mostafa Shirmardi 2
  • Heidar Meftahizadeh 2
  • Maryam Dehestani Ardakani 3

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticultural Sciences, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Drought and low organic carbon content are two main problems for agriculture in arid and semiarid regions. Drought stress is responsible for at least 40% of crop losses in the world. The use of biochar (BC) and hydrogels can decrease adverse effects of drought on the plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BC and hydrogel application on morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of Salvia officinalis L. under drought stress (DS).
 
Materials and Methods
A factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted in the research greenhouse of the Meybod industrial town in 1398/2018 to investigate the BC and hydrogel effects on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Salvia officinalis L. under drought stress condition. The BC and hydrogel was applied by mixing dry soil at rates of 0, 10, and 20 ton BC.ha-1, 100, and 200 kg hydrogel.ha-1 with three DS levels of D1 (irrigation in 80% field capacity (FC) as no-stress conditions), D2 (irrigation in 60% FC as mild-stress conditions) and D3 (irrigation in 40% FC as severe-stress conditions). The growth responses were examined included morpho-physiological (i.e., chlorophyll content, leaf area, relative water content (RWC), ion leakage (IL), and phytochemical (i.e., antioxidant activity (AA) and total phenolic content (TPC)) parameters.
 
Results and Discussion
Results showed that drought stress significantly decreased growth parameters and RWC while increased IL, AA and TPC. Application of 200 kg hydrogel.ha-1 and 20 ton BC.ha-1 significantly increased chlorophyll index, root and shoot dry weight compared to the control under severe stress condition. At mild stress, all treatments significantly reduced the root:shoot ratio compared to the control. However, in severe stress, only application of 10 and 20 ton BC.ha-1 significantly reduced this parameter compared to the control. In no stress and sever stress, use of 200 kg hydrogel.ha-1 increased RWC in plant in comparison with control (15.9 and 5.1% respectively). Results indicated that 200 kg hydrogel.ha-1 and 20 ton BC.ha-1 treatments significantly decreased IL and TPC in mild and sever stress conditions in comparison with control. All treatments significantly decreased AA in severe stress and control has the highest amount of AA in this level of drought. It seems that use of BC and hydrogel in soil increased soil water holding capacity and improve soil structure. In addition, BC contains various elements that can improve plant nutrition under drought stress. The amount of BC and hydrogel application is very important on the effectiveness of these amendments on the plant characteristics under stress conditions.
 
Conclusion
The application of hydrogel and biochar could improve the growth indices, leaf relative water content and reduce the total phenol concentration and antioxidant capacity in the plant under drought stress. It seems that these amendments reduce the negative effect of drought stress on the plant by increasing the soil water holding capacity, improving the structure and increasing the availability of nutrients for the plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Ion leakage
  • Organic amendments
  • Relative Water Content
  • Superabsorbent
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 67-80
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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