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واکنش ارقام مختلف گوجه‌فرنگی در جایگزینی سموم شیمیایی کنترل‌کننده کرم میوه‌خوار (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) به‌وسیله برخی ترکیبات درون‌زاد گیاهی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه شیمی دریا، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

5 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

چکیده

 
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر نوع رقم و امکان جایگزینی سموم شیمیایی کنترل‌کننده آفت کرم میوه­خوار گوجه‌فرنگی بوسیله برخی ترکیبات درون زاد گیاهی در جهت بهبود صفات گیاهی و کاهش خسارت این آفت به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه خلیج فارس انجام گرفت. با کاربرد 9 ترکیب مصرفی شامل اسید سالیسیلیک (5/0 و 5/1 میلی‌مولار)، اسید جاسمونیک (50 و 100 میکرومولار) و آفت‌کش‌های آبامکتین (750 و 1500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و کلروپایریفوس (1250 و 2500 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) و شاهد روی 5 رقم (PA-136، PA-162، PA-135، PA-688 و PA-483)، صفات عملکرد، وزن تک میوه، تعداد میوه در خوشه، ارتفاع بوته و شاخص کلروفیل، تعداد روز تا گلدهی و تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، TA، TSS، اسیداسکوربیک (ویتأمین ث)، درصد خسارت برگ و درصد خسارت میوه ارزیابی شد. تنوع معنی‌داری در بین ارقام مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد مربوط به رقم 136PA- با کاربرد هر دو سطح کلروپایریفوس و سطح دوم جاسمونیک اسید، رقم 162-PA در سطح اول آبامکتین و سطح دوم سالیسیلیک اسید و ارقام 135-PA و 688-PA در سطح دوم کلروپایریفوس بود. کاهش خسارت آفت روی برگ و میوه در کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید و جاسمونیک اسید، مطلوب و در مواردی معادل استفاده از سموم شیمیایی بود. بالاترین همبستگی معنی­دار مثبت صفات با عملکرد، مربوط به وزن تک میوه (**48/0 r=) و بیشترین همبستگی معنی­دار منفی مربوط به تعداد روز تا گل‌دهی (**52/0-r=) بود. در رگرسیون گام به گام عملکرد تک بوته به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته، تعداد روز تا گلدهی، وزن تک میوه و درصد خسارت برگ به‌عنوان صفات تأثیر گذار وارد مدل رگرسیونی شدند که مجموعا 49 درصد از تغییرات را توجیه نمود. بیشترین اثر مثبت و مستقیم را وزن تک میوه  (42/0) و بیشترین اثر غیر‌مستقیم نیز مربوط به همین صفت از طریق تعداد روز تا گلدهی بر عملکرد تک بوته (047/0-) بود. در تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی، چهار مؤلفه اصلی انتخاب شد که مجموعا 5/62 درصد تنوع فنوتیپی را توجیه نمود. نتایج حاصله ممکن است بتوان در طراحی برنامه‌های  به‌نژادی برای بهبود صفات گیاهی و مدیریت تلفیقی کرم میوه‌خوار گوجه‌فرنگی استفاده نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Different Tomato Varieties to the Replacement of Chemical Toxins Controlling Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) by Some Endogenous Plant Compounds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Qalebi 1
  • Mohammad Modarresi 2
  • Fariba Sohrabi 3
  • Dariush Saberi 4
  • Mohammad Hedayat 5

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

چکیده [English]

 
Abstract
Introduction
Pests and their controlling pesticides are among the most serious threats to the health of agricultural products. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of variety and the possibility of replacing chemical pesticides controlling fruit borer with some compounds of natural origin for plant traits improvement and damage reduction of tomato fruit borer. Factorial experiment was done in the template of randomized complete block design with three repetitions.
 
Materials and Methods
Factors included 9 levels of pest control compounds and 5 varieties (PA-136, PA-162, PA-135, PA-688 and PA-483). Compounds involved Salicylic acid (5 and 15 mM), Jasmonic acid (50 and 100 μM), two pesticides, Abamectin (750 and 1500 mg/L), Chlorpyrifos (1250 and 2500 mg/L) and control. Measured traits involved morphological traits (fruit yield, fruit weigh, numbers of fruit per cluster, plant height and chlorophyll index), phonological traits (days to flowering and days to physiological maturation), phytochemical traits (TA, TSS, and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)) and relative properties to evaluating resistance to fruit borer (the percentage of leaf and fruit damage).
 
Results and Discussion
Significant variation was observed between varieties. The maximum fruit yield per plant was related to PA-136 variety with applications of two-levels of Chlorpyrifos and Jasmonic acid, PA-162 variety with application of first level of Abamactin, second level of Salicylic acid and PA-135 and PA-688 varieties with the second level of Chlorpyrifos. The highest significant positive correlation with yield related to single fruit weight (r=0.48**) and the highest significant negative correlation were related to days to flowering (r= -0.52**). In stepwise regression analysis of single plant yield as a dependent variable, three traits including days to flowering, single fruit weight, and a percentage of pest damage on leaf (as the most important traits) were incorporated in the regression model that totally explained 49% of variations. Path analysis results indicated that the highest positive direct effect (0.42) was related to single fruit weight, and the highest indirect effects (-0.047) had to do with this trait via days to flowering. The first four components were chosen in principal component analysis, explaining totally 62.5% of phenotypes variation.
 
Conclusion
Reducing pest damage on leaf and fruit in applying Salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid is suitable and resulted in the same level of chemical control use.Thus, findings may be used in the design of breeding programs for plant trait improvement and integrated pest management of tomato fruit borer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic diversity
  • Path analysis
  • Principal component analysis
  • Plant traits improvement
  • Stepwise regression
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 531-544
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هم رسانی
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