نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری باغبانی، فیزیولوژی و اصلاح درختان میوه، گروه باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات باغبانی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کردستان، سنندج، ایران

4 استاد، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

5 استاد، CEBAS-CSIC، مورسیا، اسپانیا

چکیده

چکیده
یکی از مهم‌ترین اهداف به‌نژادی انگور دستیابی به ارقام بی‌دانه با حبه‌های درشت و طعم و مزه مطلوب است. در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی اطلاع از نحوه عمل و میزان اثر ژن‌ها مهم می‌باشد چرا که دانش در این زمینه به به‌نژادگران در انتخاب ارقام با صفات مطلوبِ بازارپسند و ارقام با عملکردِ بهتر کمک اساسی می‌نماید. در این پژوهش، ارزشِ اصلاحی برای چهارده صفت شامل: مواد جامد محلول، pH، اسیدیته، وزن حبه، وزن گوشت حبه، وزن تک بذر، تعداد بذر، حجم آب میوه، عرض خوشه، طول خوشه، وزن خوشه، درصد جوانه‌زنی دانه گرده، درصد تشکیل میوه در شرایط گرده‌افشانی آزاد و گرده‌افشانی کنترل شده در 45 رقم انگور آذربایجان غربی با استفاده از بهترین پیش‌بینی نااُریب خطی (BLUP) برآورد شد. ارزیابی‌های فنوتیپی در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی (ایستگاه تحقیقات دکتر نخجوانی (کهریز)) و ارزیابی‌های ژنوتیپی در پژوهشکده زیست‌فناوری دانشگاه ارومیه در سال 1395 انجام گرفت. با در نظر گرفتن مجموع ارزش‌های اصلاحی صفات مورد مطالعه، ارقام آق‌شانی، طائِفی، قزل اوزوم، لعل‌قرمز، تَبَرزه قرمز، گرمیان، ریش بابا قرمز و قره‌شانی بالاترین رتبه را داشتند. در بین ارقام بی‌دانه مورد مطالعه؛ رقم رجین از لحاظ وزن تک بذر و رقم کشمشی سفید از لحاظ تعداد بذر دارای بالاترین میزان ارزش اصلاحی بودند و به نظر می‌رسد که این ارقام بی‌دانه بالاترین توان انتقال صفات وزن تک بذر و تعداد بذر را به نسل بعد دارند. در بین ارقام دانه‌دار رقم شیرازی از لحاظ وزن تک بذر و رقم قره‌شانی از لحاظ تعداد بذر دارای بالاترین میزان ارزش اصلاحی بودند. ارقام گرمیان، ریش بابا قرمز، کشمشی قرمز، تبرزه قرمز، آق‌شانی و شیرازی برای صفات جوانه‌زنی دانه‌گرده، درصد تشکیل میوه در شرایط گرده‌افشانی آزاد و کنترل‌شده ارزش اصلاحی مثبت و بالا نشان دادند. ارقام سرقوله، گزندایی و قزل اوزوم با داشتن ارزش اصلاحی بالا و مثبت برای صفات وزن حبه و وزن گوشت میوه می‌توانند به‌عنوان والد مناسب برای اصلاح این صفات در برنامه‌های تلاقی استفاده شوند چرا که بهتر می‌توانند خصوصیات خود را به نتاج منتقل نمایند. ارقام لعل قرمز، ریش بابا قرمز و تبرزه قرمز نیز برای سه صفت طول خوشه، عرض خوشه و وزن خوشه دارای ارزش اصلاحی مثبت و بالا بودند و بنابراین می‌توانند به‌عنوان والد مطلوب برای اصلاح این صفات در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی انگور معرفی شوند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimating Breeding Value of Pomological Traits in Grape Cultivars Based on REMAP Molecular Markers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Razi 1
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 2
  • Hamed Doulati Baneh 3
  • Mohammad Esmaeil Amiri 4
  • Pedro Martinez-Gomez 5

1 Ph.D. Graduate of Horticulture, Physiology and Breeding of Fruit Trees, Department of Horticulture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 3- Associate Professor, Horticultural Crops Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Horticulture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

5 Professor, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
One of the most important goals of grapes breeding is to obtain seedless grapes with large berries and good taste. In order to achieve table and raisin grape varieties with good quality, desirable taste and larger berries with various colors, it is necessary to estimate the breeding value of the desired traits. In this study, breeding values of fourteen characters in 45 grape cultivars were predicted using the best linear prediction (BLUP) pediction. The purpose of the study was to estimate the breeding value of the grape cultivars and to identify the superior cultivars. The results of this study can be of great help to breeders in selecting cultivars with favorable market traits and cultivars with better yield.
 
Materials and Methods
In this study, 45 grape cultivars in the collection of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan Province were used. From each of the cultivars in the first year of research, ten 14-year-old plants were selected and TSS, pH, TA, berry weight, flesh weight, single seed weight, seed number, juice volume, pollen germination, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, fruit set in open and under controlled pollination were investigated. The characteristics were measured for three consecutive years.
 
 
Results and Discussion
Based on the results, considering the sum of the breeding values of all the studied traits, Agh Shani, Taifi, Qzl Ouzum, Lal Qermez, Tabarze Qermez, Garmian, Rishbaba Qermez and Qara Shani cultivars had the highest rank. Among the studied seedless cultivars, Rejin cultivar had the highest breeding value in terms of single seed weight, and Keshmeshi Sefid cultivar in terms of seed number. Among the seeded cultivars, Shirazi cultivar showed the highest breeding value in terms of single seed weight and Qara Shani cultivar in terms of seed number. Garmian, Rishbaba Qermez, Keshmeshi Qermez, Tabarze Qermez, Agh Shani and shirazi had positive breeding value for pollen germination, fruit set in open pollination and fruit set under controlled pollination. Sarghola, Gazandaii and Qzl Ouzum cultivars had the high and positive breeding value for berry weight and fresh weight. Lal Qermez, Rishbaba Qermez and Tabarze Qermez cultivars had high and positive breeding value for cluster weight, cluster width and cluster weight. Genotypes with the highest breeding value had the highest ability to transfer their traits to offspring. Therefore, they can be used as a desirable parent to modify these traits in crop breeding programs.
 
Conclusion
In this study, breeding values of fourteen characters including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, berry weight, flesh weight, single seed weight, seed number, juice volume, fruit set in open pollination, pollen germination, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, fruit set under controlled pollination in 45 grape cultivars were predicted using the best linear prediction (BLUP) prediction. Studied cultivars showed different breeding values for the studied traits. Genotypes with the highest breeding value can be used as a desirable parent to modify these traits in grape breeding programs as these genotypes have the highest ability to transfer their traits to offspring.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grape
  • Heritability
  • Mixed linear model
  • Retrotransposon-based molecular markers
  • Quantitative genetics
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