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بررسی برهمکنش منابع نیتروژن و بی‌‌کربنات سدیم بر رشد و برخی خصوصیات مرفو-فیزیولوژیکی گیاه سیر در سیستم هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر عج رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه پردیس ابوریحان تهران، تهران، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر عج رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
شوری و قلیائیت خاک‌ها اثرات مخربی بر 932 میلیون هکتار از زمین‌های جهان دارد. هم‌چنین سبب کاهش تولید محصول در 100 میلیون هکتار از زمین‌های قاره آسیا شده است. این تحقیق به ‌منظور ارزیابی اثرات متقابل منابع نیتروژن و سطوح بی‌کربنات سدیم بر خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و پارامترهای فلورسانس کلروفیل دو ژنوتیپ سفید و بنفش سیر در گلخانه هیدروپونیک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان در سال 1395 انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه فاکتور بی‌کربنات سدیم در سه سطح (صفر، 10 و 20 میلی‌مولار)، نیتروژن در سه سطح (سولفات آمونیوم، نیترات آمونیوم و نیترات کلسیم با غلظت پنج میلی‌مولار نیتروژن) و دو ژنوتیپ سیر (سفید و بنفش) با 3 تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد منابع نیترات آمونیوم و سولفات آمونیوم اثر منفی بی‌کربنات را بر وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و وزن تر و خشک ریشه کاهش داد. گیاهان تغذیه‌شده با سولفات آمونیوم بیش‌ترین مقدار قند محلول در هر دو ژنوتیپ سیر (4/1 و 32/1 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن تر برگ به‌ترتیب در ژنوتیپ سفید و بنفش) را به خود اختصاص دادند. میزان پرولین با افزایش غلظت بی‌کربنات سدیم در هر دو ژنوتیپ سیر افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی تحت تأثیر بی‌کربنات در گیاهانی مشاهده شد که با نیترات آمونیوم و سولفات آمونیوم تغذیه شده بودند. منابع نیتروژن، بی‌کربنات سدیم و برهمکنش آن‌ها بر شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل تأثیری نداشت و تنها اثر ژنوتیپ بر این صفت معنی‌دار شد. در مجموع، کاربرد سولفات آمونیوم و نیترات آمونیوم سبب بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و عملکردی ژنوتیپ‌های سیر در شرایط تنش قلیائیت شد. براساس یافته‌های این مقاله می‌توان به این نکته اشاره کرد که با تغییر در محلول‌های غذایی مورد‌نیاز گیاهان در شرایط تنش می‌توان از میزان خسارت به آن‌ها کاست و از این تغییر سبب بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و عملکردی گیاهان در شرایط تنش شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Sources and Sodium Bicarbonate on The Growth and Some Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Garlic in Hydroponic System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdiyeh Shojaei Khanisi 1
  • Hamid Reza Roosta 2
  • Mahmoudreza Roozban 3
  • Hamidreza Soufi 4

1 M.Sc. of Horticultural Sciences, Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Pardis Abouryhan, Tehran, Iran

4 Ph.D. Student of Horticulture Science, Department of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Soil salinity and alkalinity seriously affect about 932 million hectares of land globally, reducing productivity in about 100 million hectares in Asia. Plants in alkaline soil must cope with physiological drought and ion toxicity, and also maintain intracellular ion balance and regulate pH outside the roots. Alkaline stress result into decrease in chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and inhibite the growth of plant. Nitrogen sources affect the pH of nutrition solution, which can affect plant growth, so nitrate increases the pH of nutrient solution while ammonium decreases pH of nutrition solution.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources on vegetative growth, physiological and chlorophyll fluorescence of white and purple garlic genotypes under sodium bicarbonate stress, an experiment was carried out as factorial base on completely randomize desigen with three factors; sodium bicarbonate at three levels (0, 10 and 20 mM), nitrogen sources (5 mM ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate in nutrient soulotion) and genotypes (white and purple) with three replications in 2017 in Greenhouse of Faculty of a Agriculture, University of  Vali-e-asr Rafsanjan.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that shoot and root fresh and dry weight decreased by increasing sodium bicarbonate from 10 mM to 20 mM in nutrient solution and application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate sources decreased the negative effect of sodium bicarbonate on shoot and root fresh and dry weights. Among nitrogen sources, ammonium sulfate produced the highest soluble sugar content in both garlic genotypes. Proline content was enhanced by increasing sodium bicarbonate concentration in nutrient solution. The highest photosynthetic pigments were absorbed in plant that nourished by ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, respectively. The sources of nitrogen, sodium bicarbonate and their interaction had no significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, but genotype had significant effect on these traits.
 
Conclusion
According to the results of this experiment, the use of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate sources has a better performance on growth and yield of garlic under bicarbonate stress conditions.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alkalinity
  • Allium sativum
  • Ammonium
  • Nitrate
  • Soilless culture
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 221-234
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هم رسانی
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