Plant Productions

Plant Productions

Investigation of Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Drought and Salinity Stress Resistance Index in Pistachio Rootstocks Coexisted with Mycorrhiza Arbuscular

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Masoud Fattahi 1
abdolrahman Mohammadkhani 2
Behroz Shiran 3
Bahram Baninasab 4
Rudabeh Ravash 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Hrticulture Science, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
10.22055/ppd.2020.33219.1894
Abstract
 
Abstract
Introduction
Environmental stresses are serious threats to agricultural production. Abiotic stress too is a serious threat to agricultural products. Pistachio is one of the most important agricultural products in Iran and United States and is grown in other countries as well. Pistachio has good yields in rain fed condition and increases the flush and quality of yield by irrigation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most useful microorganisms in soil, and most plants can become symbiotic with mycorrhiza, that help improve nutritional conditions and other functions such as photosynthesis and osmotic regulation under stress conditions.
 
Materials and Methods
AMF, (Funneliformis mosseae) were grown using corn (Zea mays). Four pistachio rootstocks in symbiosis with mycorrhiza were subjected to drought and salinity stress in two separate experiments. Plants were divided randomly into three treatments (three replications and 6 plants per treatment), Treatments included drought, salinity, mycorrhiza and rootstock (In Shahrekord University 32 °21 N 50° 49 E, 2017-18). At the end of the experiment, the plants were harvested. Then all parts of the plant, including roots, shoots and leaves, were separated and weighted. The amount of phosphorus was measured using a spectrophotometer (UV-Vis Spectrometer) at a wavelength of 470 nm (Olsen et al., 1954). Data were evaluated by Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS 25.0.0.
 
Results and Discussion
The rootstock biomass in this experiment were influenced by different treatments (mycorrhiza, rootstock type and stress). P content of both leaves and root tissues of pistachio rootstocks was affected by both drought and salinity stress (Not shown in the data). Mycorrhiza increased root, stem and leaf fresh weight under drought and salinity stress and leaf area ratio and specific leaf area under salinity stress. Mycorrhiza-inoculated plants had lower phosphorus use efficiency and more tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. Growth indices and phosphorus use efficiency of root, leaf and total, decreased under both drought and salinity stresses. The Sarakhs rootstock was more salinity-sensitive than other rootstocks. In this research, pistachio rootstocks showed differences in biomass and biomass reduced under salinity and drought stress. Biomass reductions under abiotic stress (drought and salinity stress) conditions in previous studies on almond, peaches, olives, apple and pistachio fruit trees are also reported here. Biomass was higher in +M rootstocks, which could have been due to effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on P absorption. The difference between rootstocks is related to rootstock absorption capacitywhich has to do with root condition. Therefore, rootstocks with better roots growth may develope root survival under stress condition. They can also be better in mineral uptake and more tolerant to stress statue, because the ability of plants to withstand stresses depends to a large extent on roots.
 
Conclusion
The use of beneficial soil microorganisms is one of the best strategies contributing to sustainable agriculture and the environment. Among the most beneficial soil microorganisms with which plants may establish a symbiotic relationship are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF can improve soil physicochemical properties that generate plant growth and elevate the status of plants in terms of water and mineral nutrition, leading to improved plant growth maintenance. Based on these findings, AMF in symbiosis with pistachio rootstocks helped increase drought and salinity stress tolerance.
 
 
Keywords
Growth response
Phosphorus
Stress tolerance
Symbiosis
Subjects
References
Abbaspour, H., Saeidi-Sar, S., Afshari, H., & Abdel-Wahhab, M. A. (2012). Tolerance of mycorrhiza infected pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedling to drought stress under glasshouse conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 169(7), 704-709.
Anagholi, A. (2008). Salinity tolerance indexes in three Cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Agricalture Science Natural, 15(3), 3-12.
Bagheri, V., Shamshiri, M. H., Alaei H., & Salehi, H. (2019). Effect of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrients uptake in zinnia plant under drought stress conditions. Plant Productions, 41(4), 83-96. [In Farsi]
Bayulo, J. S., Debouck, D. G., & Lynch, J. P. (2003). Growth, gas exchange, water relations, and ion composition of Phaseolus species grown under salinity. Field Crop Research, 80(3), 207-222.
Beryla, D. R., & Koide, R. T. (1990). Role of mycorrhizal infection in the growth and reproduction of wild vs. cultivated plants. Plant Pathology University of California Davis, 89, 82-92.
Chang, W., Sui, X., Fan, X., Jia, T., & Song, F. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis modulates antioxidant response and ion distribution in salt-stressed Elaeagnus angustifolia eedlings. Frontier Microbiology, 9, 652. 1-14.
Duc, N. H., Csintalan, Z., & Posta, K. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigate negative effects of combined drought and heat stress on tomato plants. Plant Physiology Biochemistry, 132, 297-307.
Esna-Ashari, M., & Bahrami, S. (2018). Symbiosis effect of three micorrhizal fungi (Glumos spp.) on growth and the absorption of some nutrient elements in rooted cuttings of three olive cultivars. Plant Productions, 41(1), 1-14. [In Farsi]
Evelin, H., Devi, T. S., Gupta, S., & Kapoor, R. (2019). Mitigation of salinity stress in plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: Current understanding and new challenges. Frontier Plant Science, 10, 1-21.
Fahimi, F., Shamshiri, M. H., & Estaji, A. (2016). Changes in some physiological and osmotic parameters of pistachio genotypes under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 198, 44-51.
Fathi, H., Imani, A., Amiri, M. E., Hajilou, J., & Nikbakht, J. (2017). Response of almond genotypes/cultivars grafted on GN15 ‘Garnem’ rootstock in deficit-irrigation stress conditions. Journal of Nuts, 8(2), 123-135.
Fattahi, M. Shamshiri, M. H., & Naslolahpourmoghadam, S. (2017). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae) on the uptake and distribution of elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Cu and Zn) in Pistachio seedlings ‘Sarakhs’, ‘Abareghi’ and ‘Bane Baqi’ (P. eurycarpa × P. mutica) in salinity conditions. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 48(1), 175-189. [In Farsi]
Fattahi, M., & Mohammadkhani, A. (2019). Effects of deficit irrigation on some characteristics of grape (Vitis vinifera cv. ʽAsgariʼ) symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal. Journal of Horticultural Science, 32(4), 581-592. [In Farsi]
Fattahi, M., Shamshiri M. H., & Esmaeilizade, M. (2014). Evaluation of leaf physiomorphological responses of three pistachio rootstocks inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae to salt stress. Iranian Horticulture, 15(5), 469-482. [In Farsi]
Fernandez, G.C.J. (1992) Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance. In: Kuo, C.G.(Ed.), Proceedings of the international symposium on adaptation of vegetables and other food crops in temperature and water stress (P. 257-270.). Tainan: AVRDC Publication.
Galatro, A., Ramos-Artuso, F., Luquet, M., Buet, A., & Simontacchi, M. (2020). An Update on nitric
oxideproduction and role underphosphorus scarcity in Plants. Frontier Plant Science, 11, 413.
Goicoechea, N., Merino, S., & Sanchez-Diaz, M. (2004). Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the adaptations exhibited by the deciduous shrub Anthyllis cytisoides under water deficit. Plant Physiology, 122(4), 453-464.
Grassi, G., & Magnani, F. (2005). Stomatal, mesophyll conductance and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis as affected by drought and leaf ontogeny in ash and oak trees. Plant Cell Environment, 28(7), 834-849.
Jakobsen, I. (1986). Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza in field-grown crops. Mycorrhiza infection and rates of phosphorus in flow in pea plants. New Phytology, 104(1), 573- 581.
Kaiser, C., Kilburn, M. R., Clode, P. L., Fuchslueger, L., Koranda, M., Cliff, J. B., & Murphy D. V. (2015). Exploring the transfer of recent plant photosynthates to soil microbes: Mycorrhizal pathway vs direct root exudation. New Phytology, 205(4), 1537-1551.
Karimi, A., Roshanfekr, H., & Meskarbashee, M. (2013). Effect of irrigation regimes on content oil, proline content and some physiological characteristics of two safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under climatic conditions in Ahvaz. Plant Productions, 36(3), 105-117. [In Farsi]
Karimi, H. R., Ebadi, A., Zamani, Z., & Fatahi, R. (2011). Effect of water salinity on growth and physiological parameters in some pistachio rootstocks. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34(3), 935-944.
Khorassani, R. (2010). Phosphorus uptake efficiency in corn, sugar beet and groundnut. Journal of Water and Soil, 24 (1), 180-188.
Kumar, A., Sharma, S., Mishra, S., & Dames, J. F. (2015). Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation improves growth and antioxidative response of Jatropha curcas (L.) under Na2SO4 salt stress. Plant Biosystem, 149(2), 260-269.
Li, Y. Z., Sun, C. B., Huang, Z. B., Pan, J. L., Wang, L., & Fan, X. W. (2009). Mechanisms of progressive water deficit tolerance and growth recovery of Chinese maize foundation genotypes Huangzao 4 and Chang 7–2, which are proposed on the basis of comparison of physiological and transcriptomic responses. Plant and Cell Physiology, 50(12), 2092-2111.
Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Academic Press.
Mirfattahi, Z., Roozban, M. R., Karimi, S., Tavallali, V., & Aliniaeifard, S. (2018). Screening salt tolerance in pistachio seedlings by evaluating growth, oxidative damages and mineral composition. Plant Productions, 41(2), 13-28. [In Farsi]
Naghizade, M. (2007). Mycorrhiza. Journal of Biology, 21(2), 26-30. [In Farsi]
Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanable F. S., & Dean. L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorous in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 939, U. S. Govern. Prin Office Washington.
Ortiz, N., Armada, E., Duque, E., Rold, A., & Azcon, R. (2015). Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or bacteria to enhancing plant drought tolerance under natural soil conditions: Effectiveness of autochthonous or allochthonous strains. Journal of Plant Physiology, 174, 87-96.
Rajeendran, K., Tester, M., & Roy S. J. (2009). Quantifying the three main components of salinity tolerance in cereals. Plant Cell Environ, 32(3), 237-249.
Shamshiri, M. H., & Fattahi, M. (2016). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosystem II activity of three pistachio rootstocks under salt stress as probed by the OJIP_test. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 63(1), 101-110.
Sheng, M., Tang, M., Chen, H., Yang, B., Zhang, F., and Huang, Y. (2009). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on the root system of maize plants under salt stress. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 55(7), 879-886.
Wang, Q. R., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. S., & Christie, P. (2005). Screening Chinese wheat germplasm for phosphorus efficiency in calcareous soils. Journal Plant Nutrient, 28(3), 489-505.
Wu, Q. S., Zou, Y. N., Liu, W., Ye, X. F., Zai, H. F., & Zhao, L. J. (2010). Alleviation of salt stress in citrus seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza: Changes in leaf antioxidant defense systems. Plant Soil Environment, 56(10), 470-475.
Yildirim, E., Karlidag, H., & Turan. M. (2009). Mitigation of salt stress in strawberry by foliar K, Ca and Mg nutrient supply. Journal of Plant Soil Environment, 55(5), 213-221.
Plant Productions
Volume 44, Issue 4
Autumn 2021
Pages 587-600