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تنوع مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی چند جمعیت گل‌راعی (Hypericum perforatum L.) در ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دکتری علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
گل‌راعی با نام علمی (Hypericum perforatum L) یکی از مهم‌ترین گونه‌های جنس  Hypericumمی‌باشد. این گیاه با دارا بودن مواد مؤثره بیشمار همچون هیپریسین و هیپرفورین و داشتن اثرات شناخته شدة دارویی در درمان افسردگی، یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دارویی در سطح جهان به‌شمار می‌رود. باتوجه به پراکندگی زیاد گل‌راعی در ایران، این آزمایش به‌منظور ارزیابی مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی 15 جمعیت این گیاه در مناطق مختلف ایران در طی سال 1397 انجام و آنالیزهای بیوشیمیایی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاه صورت پذیرفت. خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی مختلف منجمله ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی درکنار میزان متابولیت‌های ثانویة هیپریسین و هیپرفورین در دو اندام برگ و گلبرگ جمعیت‌های مختلف این گیاه مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج نشان داد بین جمعیت‌های مختلف مورد مطالعه، از نظر مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد. درخصوص صفات بیوشیمیایی، بین اندام‌های مختلف نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده گردید. بازده عصاره‌گیری نیز در بین اندام‌ها و جمعیت‌های مورد مطالعه متغییر و متفاوت بود. تفاوت بیوشیمیایی جمعیت‌های گل‌راعی در ایران تنها به فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آن‌ها در مهار رادیکال آزاد DPPH محدود نگردید، بلکه شامل مکانیزم‌های غیرآنزیمی دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ترکیبات دخیل در شکار رادیکال‌های آزاد همچون فنول‌ها و فلاونوئیدها نیز گردید. محتوای فنل‌کل و فلاونوئید نیز نه تنها در بین جمعیت‌ها بلکه بین اندام‌های برگ و گل نیز تفاوت معنی‌داری داشت. در میزان متابولیت‌های ثانویة نیز بین اندام‌ها و جمعیت‌های مختلف مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت، به‌نحوی که گلبرگ‌ها در مقایسه با برگ‌ها میزان هیپریسین و هیپرفورین بیشتری داشتند. میزان هیپرفورین در مقایسه با میزان هیپریسین در هر دو اندام و کلیة جمعیت‌ها به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود. به‌طور‌کلی تنوع موفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی بالایی بین جمعیت‌های مختلف مورد بررسی وجود داشت. از این تنوع علاوه بر شناسایی جمعیت‌های با عملکرد و میزان مواد مؤثره بیشتر جهت برنامه‌های اصلاحی، می‌توان در ایجاد ارقام مقاوم به تنش‌های غیرزیستی نیز استفاده نمود.
 

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موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Activity Diversity in Different Hypericum Perforatum L. Populations in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arezoo Shaghaghy 1
  • Mohammad Omidi 2
  • Mohammadmahdi Jowkar 3

1 M.S. of Horticultural Sciences, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Ph.D. of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Hypericum perforatum L. is one of the most important species of the genus Hypericum. This plant is a perennial herbaceous plant with great adaptation ability. Therefore, St John's Wort can be found widespread throughout the country from sea side levels to 2000m altitude. It is also one of the most important medicinal plants in the world due to its various positive and well-known medicinal properties, especially in the treatment of depression. Hypericin and Hyperforin are known as the main bioactive compounds of this medicinal plant. Due to the high dispersion of Hypericum plants in Iran, this experiment was conducted to evaluate 15 populations of Hypericum plants at flowering stage using morphological and biochemical properties in order to indicate the best metabolite producing population.
 
Materials and Methods
Plant materials were selected randomly at full flowering stage from 15 different populations at full bloom in different provinces during summer 2017. Morphological features such as height of plant, number of flower stalk, length of flower stalk, number of non-flower bearing stems, number of flowers, height of the lowest and the highest leaf were evaluated. Plant materials were then dried at room temperature and kept in dark for analysis. Leaf and petals were ground and extraction was conducted by methanol. Hypericin and Hyperforin content of leaves and flowers were evaluated by HPLC equipped with DAD detector. Antioxidant activity of leaves and flowers of Hypericum samples were evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay. Phenol content was evaluated by Folin–Ciocalteu (F‐C) reaction. Total flavonoid content determination was also conducted by a spectrophotometric assay based on aluminium complex formation.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that there was a significant difference between different populations in terms of morphological traits. The highest aerial part height was seen in ‘Khoramabad’ population with a value of 92.44 cm. ‘Nahavand’ population had the shortest height with a value of 49.55 cm. The largest number of flower stalk was seen in ‘Sarpol Zahab’ population with 16.48 flower stalks. This was while ‘Firoozkouh’ population had the least number of flower stalks. ‘Sijan’ population had the most non-flower bearing stems, while ‘Shazand’ had the least number of non-flower bearing stems. There was a significant difference between antioxidant activity in leaf and flowers of the studied populations. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in ‘Borojerd’ population. Total Phenol content and flavonoids also differed not only among populations, but also between leaf and flower. ‘Sarpol Zahab’ had the highest total Phenol content in between the studied populations. This was while ‘Nahavand’ population had the highest flavonoid content. The results also revealed that the flowers had the highest levels of Hypericin and Hyperforin compared to leaves. The levels of Hyperforin in both organs were significantly higher than Hypericin in all studied populations.
 
Conclusion
In general, it can be concluded that there is a high variation among different populations and this variation can be used to identify populations with high yields and high levels of effective substances in breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flavonoids
  • Hyperforin
  • Hypericin
  • St John's Wort
  • Total phenol
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 407-420
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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