نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

4 کارشناس تحقیقاتی، کارشناس، مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش توسعه نیشکر و صنایع جانبی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
علف‌های هرز یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل کاهش‌دهنده عملکرد نیشکر در استان خوزستان می‌باشند. به منظور بررسی اثر تلفیق وجین مکانیکی و کاربرد سه سطح علف‌کش ایندازیفلم، تو،فور-دی + ام‌سی‌پی‌آ + متریبوزین، بر مهار علف‌های هرز و عملکرد نیشکر آزمایشی در سال زراعی 97-1396 در یک مزرعه باز رویش 2 در شرکت کشت و صنعت دهخدا، اهواز، خوزستان اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه زیرکشت واریته CP57-614 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل وجین مکانیکی در سه سطح (کولتیواتور پنجه غازی، روتیواتور و بدون عملیات مکانیکی) در کرت‌های اصلی و کاربرد علف‌کش در سه سطح ]ایندازیفلم (50 میلی‌لیتر ماده مؤثر در هکتار)، توفوردی + ام‌سی‌پی‌آ + متریبوزین (675 میلی‌لیتر ماده مؤثر در هکتار + 1050 گرم ماده مؤثر در هکتار) و شاهد بدون علف‌کش [در کرت‌های فرعی اعمال شدند. هم‌چنین تیمار وجین‌دستی نیز به‌عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از تیمارهای وجین مکانیکی باعث کاهش زیست‌توده علف‌های هرز گردید. به‌طوری‌که، مهار علف‌های هرز در تیمار روتیواتور نسبت به کولتیواتور مؤثرتر بود و بیشترین درصد کاهش زیست‌توده علف‌های هرز در تیمار تلفیق روتیواتور و ایندازیفلم (47/52 درصد) مشاهده شد. نتایج صفات کمّی نیشکر نشان داد که در شرایط استفاده از وجین مکانیکی و کاربرد علف‌کش، وزن تک‌ساقه و عملکرد نی نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بیشترین وزن تک ساقه در تیمارهای کولتیواتورزنی به همراه کاربرد تو،فور-دی + ام‌سی‌پی‌آ + متریبوزین (65/1 کیلوگرم)، روتیواتورزنی به همراه کاربرد تو،فور-دی + ام‌سی‌پی‌آ + متریبوزین (63/1 کیلوگرم) و ایندازیفلم (61/1 کیلوگرم) به‌دست آمد. عملکرد نهایی شکر (79/9 تن در هکتار) در تیمار ایندازیفلم نسبت به سایر تیمارها (به جز وجین) بیشتر بود. درحالی‌که مقادیر اندازه‌گیری‌شده بریکس، پل، خلوص شکر و شکر قابل استخراج در میان تیمارها اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نشان ندادند. به‌طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از تیمار ترکیب وجین مکانیکی به همراه علف‌کش نقش مؤثری در بهبود عملکرد نیشکر و مهار علف‌های هرز نیشکر خواهد داشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Integrated Mechanical Weeding and Herbicide Application in Weed Management of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yousef Rezaie 1
  • Elham Elahifard 2
  • Seyed Ataollah Siadat 3
  • Sasan Abdolahi Lorestani 4

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Agronomy, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

4 Research expert, Iranian Sugarcane Research and Training Institue, Department of Weed Science, Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Weeds are among the most important factors reducing sugarcane yield in Khuzestan province. Sugarcane has a vegetative stage susceptible to weed competition, which is about 3 to 6 weeks from the time of planting in a warm and humid season. Therefore, the control of weeds in the early part of the growing season before the canopy closure of sugarcane and covering more than half the rows of planting is very critical. In order to investigate the effect of combination of mechanized weeding and application of three herbicides including indaziflam, 2,4-D + MCPA + metribuzin, on weed control and sugarcane yield, a field experiment was conducted in Ratoon2 field in 2017-2018 growing season in Dehkhoda Sugarcane Plantation and Industry Company, Khuzestan, Iran.
 
Materials and Methods
The experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Mechanical weeding at three levels (sweep cultivator, rotavator, and no cultivation) was considered as the main plots. Herbicide application was considered as sub plot at three levels [indaziflam (50 ml ai ha-1), 2,4-D + MCPA + metribuzin (675 ml ai ha-1 + 1050 g ai ha-1) and no herbicide application (as weedy control)]. A weed- free check was included for comparison. Herbicide applications were made using backpack sprayer with TeeJet 11004 flat fan nozzle calibrated to deliver 250 L ha-1 at pressure of 2.5 atm. Sugarcane cultivar was CP-614. Weed sampling was carried out 60 days after treatment. Single stem weight, cane yield, final sugar yield, brix, pol, sugar purity and recoverable sugar were measured at the end of growing season and after sugarcane harvest.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that mechanical weeding treatments lead into reduced weed dry weight. As a result, weed control was more effective in rotavator treatment than cultivator. Maximum reduction weed dry weight (52.47%) was observed in integrated rotavator and indaziflam treatment. The results of the quantitative traits of sugarcane showed that using mechanized weeding and herbicide application, caused an increase in weight of single stem and yield of cane compared to the control. The greatest single stem weight was observed in cultivator treatment plus 2,4-D + MCPA + metribuzin (1.65 Kg m-2), rotavator + 2,4-D + MCPA + metribuzin (1.63 Kg m-2) and indaziflam (1.61 Kg m-2). The final sugar yield (9.79 t ha-1) in indaziflam treatment was greater than other treatments (except weed -free treatment). However, the measured values of Brix, pol, sugar purity and recoverable sugar did not differ significantly among treatments. Results showed that the use of mechanized weeding combined with herbicide applications would have an effective role in improving sugarcane yield and inhibition of sugarcane weeds.
 
Conclusion
The use of herbicides at the beginning of the sugarcane growing season led to more effective weed control; As a result, competition between sugarcane and weeds in access to food resources decreased, which led to the growth and development of sugarcane. However, the indaziflam did better than 2,4-D + MCPA + metribuzin due to its slight superiority in single-stem weight and cane yield. In general, it can be said that the use of mechanical weeding has an important role in controlling sugarcane weeds and the use of rotivator had a significant advantage over cultivator. According to the results of single stem weight, the use of combination weeding with herbicides will play an effective role in improving the weight of sugarcane.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivator
  • Rotavator
  • Sugarcane yield
  • Weed biomass
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