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کارایی ریزغده‌زایی سه رقم سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) تحت تنش اسمزی در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی‌، گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک و زیست فناوری‌، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی کارایی ریزغده‌زایی سه رقم سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) تحت تنش اسمزی در شرایط درون‌شیشه صورت گرفت. این آزمایش در سال 1397 در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی به‌صورت فاکتوریل (دو فاکتور رقم و مواد اسمتیک) با سه تکرار در مجتمع آزمایشگاهی زکریای رازی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران انجام شد. بذر سه رقم سیب‌زمینی (آگریا، ساوالان، HPS-II/67) در محیط MS کشت شدند که پس از پرآوری گیاهچه‌ها به محیط‌های حاوی نه تیمار ایجاد‌کننده تنش اسمتیک شامل پلی‌اتیلن‌گلیکول در چهار غلظت (003/0، 006/0، 009/0 و 012/0 مولار) و سوربیتول در چهار غلظت (1/0، 2/0، 3/0 و 4/0 مولار) و یک محیط بدون عامل اسمتیک (شاهد) منتقل شدند. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده گیاهچه‌های رشد یافته در شرایط غیرتنش (شاهد) نسبت به گیاهچه‌های تحت تیمار تنش از نظر صفات تعداد برگ، طول نوشاخه و ضریب پرآوری از مقادیر بالاتری برخوردار بودند. رقم آگریا نسبت به بقیه ارقام در شرایط تنش ویژگی‌های رشدی بهتری نشان داد. بالاترین درصد خشکیدگی به‌ترتیب در تیمار 012/0 مولار پلی‌اتیلن‌گلیکول در رقم ساوالان و تیمار 4/0 مولار سوربیتول در هر سه رقم مشاهده شد. درصد ریزغده‌زایی در هر سه رقم با ایجاد تنش جزیی (003/0 مولار پلی‌اتیلن‌گلیکول) نسبت به شاهد تا حدودی افزایش و در سطوح بالاتر تنش این صفت کاهش پیدا کرد. بیشترین درصد ریزغده‌زایی (66/58) در رقم آگریا و غلظت 003/0 مولار پلی‌اتیلن‌گلیکول به‌دست‌آمد. میزان تولید پرولین، آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز (SOD) با ایجاد تنش نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. هم‌چنین، میزان کلروفیل کل با ایجاد تنش نسبت به شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. به‌طور‌کلی بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده بیشترین میزان ریزغده‌زایی به‌ترتیب در ارقام آگریا (66/58 درصد) و HPS-II/67 (66/53 درصد) و بیشترین وزن ریزغده (96/0 گرم) در رقم HPS-II/67 مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج، تنش اسمزی ملایم در افزایش ریزغده‌زایی در گیاه سیب‌زمینی موثر واقع شد، بنابراین پلی‌اتیلن گلیکول در غلظت 003/0 مولار می‌تواند در تکثیر تجاری این گیاه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Microtuberization Efficiency of Three Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars under Osmotic Stress in vitro

نویسندگان [English]

  • Banafsheh Jamshidi 1
  • Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi 2
  • Amir Mousavi 3

1 M.Sc. Student of Horticultural Sciences, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. It is vegetatively propagated using pieces or whole potato tubers, but a virus infection causes crop reduction to almost a half or even one third, which varies from place to place and from season to another. Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods. Microtuberization in potato needs the right interaction between several factors such as cyto, sucrose and osmotic stress. The purpose of present study was to investigate microtuberization efficiency of three potato cultivars under osmotic stress and in vitro conditions. 
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. Potato seeds of three cultivars (Agria, Savalan and HPS-II/67) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. After proliferation, plantlets were transferred to the media containing nine treatments with polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PEG) at four levels (0.003, 0.006, 0.009, 0.012 M), sorbitol at four levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 M). For this purpose, potato quality, microtuberization percentage, proline concentration, chlorophyll content, and Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that plantlets grown under non-stressed conditions (control) possessed higher rates of leaf number, new shoot length and proliferation index compared to the under stressed conditions. Agria cultivar presented better growth characteristics under stressed conditions compared to other experimental cultivars. The highest potato destruction was observed at 0.012 M PEG in Savalan cultivar followed by 0.4 M sorbitol in all cultivars. Microtuberization percentage increased in all three cultivars by stress conditions, in which it increased with progressing in stress levels. The greatest percentage of microtuberization was obtained from Agria cultivar at 0.003 M PEG. Compared to the control, proline concentration, and also CAT and SOD activities increased under stress conditions. Moreover, total chlorophyll content decreased under the stress conditions in comparison to the control.  Generally, based on the results, maximum rates of microtuberization and viability were observed in Agria followed by HPS-II/67, and the highest microtuber weight was obtained in HPS-II/67 cultivar. When plants are faced to stress conditions like osmotic stress, free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases. On the other hand, plants use different strategies to scavenge the generated ROS. The reduction of chlorophyll content and increases of antioxidant enzyme activities are due to increase of ROS under osmotic stress conditions.
 
Conclusion
At slight stress conditions, potato plants utilize the strategy to generate more tuber. Therefore, the lower concentrations of PEG can be introduced as a stimulator of microtuber.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • Micropropagation
  • PEG
  • Sorbitol
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 45، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 109-122
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هم رسانی
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