نوع مقاله : انگلیسی

نویسندگان

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Phytochemistry, Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

چکیده

ABSTRACT
Introduction:Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn is a medicinal plant belonging to Polypodiales order. Pare-siavashan is the name of Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn in pharmaceutical textbooks of Iranian Traditional Medicine. A. capillus-veneris L. as a medicinal plant was utilized to treat various infectious diseases. In this study, the extract of A. capillus-veneris L. from Kurdistan province is investigated for the first time.
Materials and Methods:The plant is collected from southeast of Marivan in October 2017. Theaim of the current study was to investigate cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and  phytochemical screening of methanol extract and polar and nonpolar subfractions of the leaves and stem of A. capillus-veneris L. separately. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the samples were determined using inhibition of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Gentamicin, rifampin and nystatin were used as positive controls in an antimicrobial method. Both 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the samples were identified using regression analysis.
Results and Discussion:Theleaves and stem extractsindicated the highest antioxidative activities in DPPH test that IC50 values =56.23 ± 0.85 and 44.66 ± 1.22 μg/ml respectively, which was higher than the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT: IC50= 19 ± 1.03 μg/ml). The total phenolic contents of leaves and stem extracts, as Gallic acid equivalents, were 83.62 ± 1.87 and 147.39 ± 2.35 mg/g, respectively. The amounts of total flavonoids compounds of leaves and stem extracts were also determined 58.50 ± 0.78 and 35.63 ± 0.39 mg, respectively. Alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, tannins were also identified in all the extracts and glycosides were detected only in water and hexane fraction extract of the stem, also hexaneextraction fraction of stem was devoid of triterpenes and the stem and leaves which contain no tannins. The leaves water extract of A. capillus veneris L. showed maximum zone of inhibition against bactrial strains. The hexane extracts of leaves and stem of A. capillus-veneris L. showed the weakest antimicrobial activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay was applied for the isolation of anitumour and cytotoxic agents. The leaves and stem extracts of A. capillus-veneris L. showed significant cytotoxic activity with LC50 values of 125.893 and 97.7237 (μg/ml), respectively. Vincristine sulfate (LC50 0.751 μg/ml) was used as the reference standard of brine shrimp lethality bioassay.
Conclusion:  This study suggested that the extracts of the A. capillus-veneris L. may be a promising source for novel anticancer agents. The extracts showed moderate to acceptable antibacterial activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Bioactivity of Methanolic Leaves and Stem Extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. From Southeast of Marivan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Yazdani 1
  • Fereshteh Jookar Kashi 2

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Phytochemistry, Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

چکیده [English]

ABSTRACT
Introduction:Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn is a medicinal plant belonging to Polypodiales order. Pare-siavashan is the name of Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn in pharmaceutical textbooks of Iranian Traditional Medicine. A. capillus-veneris L. as a medicinal plant was utilized to treat various infectious diseases. In this study, the extract of A. capillus-veneris L. from Kurdistan province is investigated for the first time.
Materials and Methods:The plant is collected from southeast of Marivan in October 2017. Theaim of the current study was to investigate cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and  phytochemical screening of methanol extract and polar and nonpolar subfractions of the leaves and stem of A. capillus-veneris L. separately. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the samples were determined using inhibition of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Gentamicin, rifampin and nystatin were used as positive controls in an antimicrobial method. Both 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the samples were identified using regression analysis.
Results and Discussion:Theleaves and stem extractsindicated the highest antioxidative activities in DPPH test that IC50 values =56.23 ± 0.85 and 44.66 ± 1.22 μg/ml respectively, which was higher than the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT: IC50= 19 ± 1.03 μg/ml). The total phenolic contents of leaves and stem extracts, as Gallic acid equivalents, were 83.62 ± 1.87 and 147.39 ± 2.35 mg/g, respectively. The amounts of total flavonoids compounds of leaves and stem extracts were also determined 58.50 ± 0.78 and 35.63 ± 0.39 mg, respectively. Alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, tannins were also identified in all the extracts and glycosides were detected only in water and hexane fraction extract of the stem, also hexaneextraction fraction of stem was devoid of triterpenes and the stem and leaves which contain no tannins. The leaves water extract of A. capillus veneris L. showed maximum zone of inhibition against bactrial strains. The hexane extracts of leaves and stem of A. capillus-veneris L. showed the weakest antimicrobial activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay was applied for the isolation of anitumour and cytotoxic agents. The leaves and stem extracts of A. capillus-veneris L. showed significant cytotoxic activity with LC50 values of 125.893 and 97.7237 (μg/ml), respectively. Vincristine sulfate (LC50 0.751 μg/ml) was used as the reference standard of brine shrimp lethality bioassay.
Conclusion:  This study suggested that the extracts of the A. capillus-veneris L. may be a promising source for novel anticancer agents. The extracts showed moderate to acceptable antibacterial activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antimicrobial activity
  • Antioxidant activity
  • Phytochemical screening
  • Cytotoxicity
References
 
Bag, G. C., Devi, P. G., & Bhaigyabati, Th. (2015). Assessment of total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of methanolic rhizome extract of three hedychium species of manipur valley. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 30(1), 154-159.
Borneo, R., Leon, A. E., Aguirre, A., Ribotta, P., & Cantero, J. J. (2009). Antioxidant capacity of medicinal plants from the Province of Cordoba (Argentina) and their in vitro testing in a model food system. Food Chemistry, 112(3), 664-670. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.027
Brand, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. (1995). Use of free radical method to evaluate  antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30. doi: 10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M., & Corke, H. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sciences, 74(17), 2157-84. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047
Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H., & Chern, J. (2002). Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3), 178-82.
Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., Nabavi, S. M., Nabavi, S. F., Bahramian, F., and Bekhradnia, A. R. (2010). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of H. officinalis L. var. angustifolius, V. odorata, B. hyrcana and C. speciosum. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 23(1), 29-34.
Farhat, M. B., Landoulsi, A., Chaouch-Hamada, R., Sotomayor, J. A., & Jordan, M. J. (2013). Characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of  Salvia species growing in different habitats. Industrial Crops and Products, 49, 904-14. doi:  10.1016/
j.indcrop.2013.06.047
Farokhzad, A., & Asghari, M. (2016). Effect of
foliar spray with ascorbic acid on some qualitative  characteristics and improving color of apple fruit (malus domestica cv. red spur). Plant Productions, 39(3), 113-125. doi: 10.22055/PPD.2016.12062. [In Farsi with English abstract]
Ghosh, D. R., Islam, A., SM, S. I., & Rahman, M. (2012). brine shrimp lethality bioassay of methanolic extract of centella asiatica leaves. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences, 2(5), 39-44.
Gracelin, D. H. S., Britto, A. J., & Kumar, B. J. R. P. (2013). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in five pteris species. International Journal  of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(1), 105-7.
Gulluce, M., Sokmen, M., Şahin, F., Sokmen, A., Adigüzel, A., Ozer, H. (2004). Biological activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Micromeriafruticosa (L) Drucesspserpyllifolia (Bieb) PH Davis plants from the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Journal of the  Science of Food and Agriculture, 84(7), 735-41. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.1728
Hossain, M. A., AL-Raqmi, K. A. S., Al-Mijizy, Z. H., Weli, A. M., & Al-Riyami, Q. (2013). Study of total phenol, flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of various leaves crude extracts  of locally grown Thymus vulgaris. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(9), 705-10. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60142-2
Hussain, M. M., Ahmad, B., Rashid, E., Hashim, S., Marwat, K. B., & Jan, A. S. A. D. (2014). In vitro antibacterial activity of methanol and water extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris and Tagetes patula against multidrug resistant bacterial strains. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(1), 363-68.
Ishaq, M. S., Hussain, M. M., Siddique Afridi, M., Ali, G., Khattak, M., & Ahmad, S. (2014). In vitro phytochemical, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris. The Scientific World Journal, 1-7. doi: 10.1155/2014/269793
Kamtekar, S., Keer, V., & Patil, V. (2014). Estimation
of phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activity of marketed polyherbal formulation. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4(9), 61-5. doi: 10.7324/
JAPS.2014.40911
Khatiwora, E., Adsul, V. B., Kulkarni, M. M., Deshpande, N. R., & Kashalkar, R. V. (2010). Spectroscopic determination of total phenol and flavonoid contents of Ipomoea carnea. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2(3), 1698-1701.
Kumar, S. S., & Nagarajan, N. (2012). Screening
of preliminary phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Adiantum capillus veneris. Journal of Research in  Antimicrobial, 1(1), 56-61.
Lee, O. H., Lee, B. Y., Lee, J., Lee, H. B., Son, J. Y., Park, C. S., ...  & Kim, Y. C. (2009). Assessment of phenolics-enriched extract and fractions of olive leaves and their antioxidant activities. Bioresource Technology, 100(23), 6107-13. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.059
Lee, S. E., Hwang, H. J., Ha, J. S., Jeong, H. S.,
& Kim, J. H. (2003). Screening of medicinal
plant extracts for antioxidant activity. Life Sciences, 73(2), 167-69. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00259-5.
Mahboubi, A., Kamalinejad, M., Shalviri, M., Karbasi, Z., Jafariazar, Z., & Asgharian, R. (2012). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of three Iranian medicinal plants. African Journal of  Microbiology Research, 6(9), 2048-52. doi: 10.5897/ AJMR11.1281.
Meyer, B. N., Ferrigni, N. R., Putnam, J. E., Jacobsen, L. B., Nichols, D. J., & McLaughlin, J. L. (1982). Brine  shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Medica, 45(5), 31-34. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971236.
Mohini, G., Anjana, B., & Roy, S. K. (1990). Chemical constituents of a member of Adiantum caudatum complex. Journal of Chemical Society, 67, 86-89.
Molan, A. L., & Mahdy, A. S. (2014). Iraqi medicinal plants: Total flavonoid contents, free-radical  scavenging and bacterial beta-glucuronidase inhibition activities. Journal of Dental and  Medical Sciences, 13(5), 72-77. doi: 10.9790/0853-13527277.
Patil, S V., Kane, S. R., and Magdum, C. S. (2016). In vitro Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay of Aqueous  Extract of Bark of Magnifera indica. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 4(2), 218-20. doi: 10.18782/2320-7051.2258
Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S. J., & Shahabimajd, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology,5(11), 1142-1145.
 
Rajurkar, N. S., & Gaikwad, K. (2012). Evaluation of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and  elemental content of Adiantum capillus veneris leaves. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(1), 365-74.
Shams, S., & Pourseyedi, S. (2015). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in Melia azedarach fruit extract and screening its antimicrobial activity. Plant Productions, 38(3), 55-63. doi: 10.22055/ PPD.2015.11452. [In Farsi with English abstract]
Shirazi, O. U., Khattak, M. M. A. K., Shukri, N. A. M., & Nasyriq, M. N. (2014). Determination of  total phenolic, flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activities of common herbs  and spices. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(3), 104-108.
Singh, M., Singh, N., & Khare, P. B. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of some important Adiantum species used traditionally in indigenous systems of medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,115(2), 327-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.018
Soforowa, E. A. (1982). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Tawaha, K. A. (2006). Cytotoxicity evaluation of Jordanian wild plants using brine shrimp lethality test. Jordan Journal of Applied Science, 8(1), 7-12.
Tongco, J. V. V., Aguda, R. M., & Razal, R. A. (2014). Proximate analysis, phytochemical screening, and total phenolic and flavonoid content of Philippine bamboo Schizostachyum lumampao. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 6(1), 709-13.
Velioglu, Y. S., Mazza, G., Gao, L., & Oomah, B.
D. (1998). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. Journal of Agricultural and Food  Chemistry, 46(10), 4113-17. doi: 10.1021/jf9801973.
Watts, J. L., Shryock, T. R., Apely, M., Bade, D. J., Brown, S. D., & Gray G. T. (2017). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Wyman, L. C., & Harris, S. K. (1951). The Ethnobotany of the kayenta navaho. an analysis of the john and louisa wetherill ethnobotanical collection. New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press.
Zhao, G., Hui, Y., Rupprecht, J. K., McLaughlin, J. L., & Wood, K. V. (1992). Additional bioactive compounds and trilobacin, a novel highly cytotoxic acetogenin, from the bark of Asimina triloba. Journal of Natural Products, 55(3), 347-56. doi: 10.1021/np50081a011