نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

2 محقق بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

3 مربی پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

4 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

5 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

بیماری ویروسی ریزومانیا از عوامل محدود‌کننده زراعت چغندرقند بوده و عملکرد آن را به شدت کاهش می‌دهد. مهم‌ترین راهکار مقابله با این بیماری استفاده از ارقام مقاوم است. به منظور بررسی همبستگی عملکرد و صفات کیفی ارقام چغندرقند با شاخص‌های بیماری ریزومانیا، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با استفاده از 12 رقم مختلف چغندرقند در چهار تکرار در مزرعه با آلودگی طبیعی به بیماری ریزومانیا در منطقه تربت جام طی سال‌های 1396 و 1397 انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف چغندرقند از نظر کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه به استثنای میزان سدیم تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. تجزیه خوشه‌ای عملکرد، کیفیت محصول و هم‌چنین شاخص آلودگی به بیماری ریزومانیا، ارقام مختلف چغندرقند را به سه گروه مقاوم، نیمه مقاوم و حساس دسته‌بندی نمودند. همبستگی بین صفات در شرایط آلودگی طبیعی مزرعه و استفاده از ارقام با مقاومت متفاوت به بیماری ریزومانیا، روند متفاوتی داشت. در ارزیابی کلیه ارقام با سطوح مختلف مقاومت، همبستگی بسیار معنی‌داری بین عملکرد قند خالص با صفات نمره رشد برگ (**88/0=r)، نمره رشد ریشه (**85/0=r)، شدت وقوع بیماری (**84/0-=r) و شاخص آزمون الایزا (**67/0-=r) مشاهده شد. لذا صفات مزبور شاخص‌های مناسبی برای ارزیابی مقاومت ارقام نسبت به بیماری ریزومانیا می‌باشند. علاوه بر این همبستگی بین شاخص آزمون الایزا با شدت وقوع بیماری (**83/0=r)، نمره رشد برگ (**61/0-=r) و نمره رشد ریشه (**67/0-=r)  بسیار معنی‌دار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Correlation between Yield and Qualitative Traits of Sugar Beet Cultivars with Rhizomania Disease Indices under Field Infection Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Ahmadi 1
  • Hassan Hamidi 2
  • Jamshid Soltani Idliki 3
  • Javad Rezaei 4
  • Mozhdeh Kakueinejad 5

1 1- Associate Professor, Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

2 Researcher, Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

3 Instructor, Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Rhizomania viral disease is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet cultivation and significantly reduces its yield. The most important way to deal with this disease is to use resistant cultivars.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to evaluate the correlation between yield and qualitative traits of sugar beet cultivars with rhizomania disease indices, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 12 different sugar beet cultivars in four replications in test site with natural infection with rhizomania in Torbat-e-Jam area at two years (2017 and 2018). The traits studied in this study included root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, white sugar content, white sugar yield, sodium, potassium, trace nitrogen, alkalinity, sugar extraction coefficient, leaf growth score, root growth score, disease severity and ELISA test index (OD). Analysis of variance was performed using SAS v.9.1 statistical software. Mean comparisons of traits were performed using LSD test at the probability level of 5 and 1%.  
 
Results and Discussion
Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits except for sodium. Cluster analysis of yield, crop quality as well as rhizomania severity of infection divided the sugar beet cultivars into three groups (resistant, semi-resistant and sensitive). Correlation between traits in a rhizomania infected field and different levels of resistance to rhizomania was different. In all cultivars with different levels of resistance, there was a significant correlation between pure sugar yield with leaf growth score (r=0.88 **), root growth score (r=0.85**), disease severity (r= -0.84 **) and ELISA index (r= -0.67 **) was observed. Therefore, these traits are suitable indicators for evaluation of cultivars for suseptibility or resistance to rhizomania disease. In addition, correlation between ELISA index with disease severity (r=0.83**), leaf growth score (r= -0.61 **) and root growth score (r= -0.67 **) was significant.
 
Conclusion
According to the obtained results, because the ELISA test and determining the virus concentration is expensive, and on the other hand, this index had a positive and very significant correlation with the severity of the disease infection, so the disease severity index can be used to evaluate cultivars for resistance to rhizomania disease.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ELISA test
  • Pure sugar yield
  • Root growth score
  • Severity of disease
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