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مطالعه ترکیب‌پذیری صفات عملکرد و اجزای آن در لاین‌های S7 ذرت

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
به منظور مطالعه صفت‌های عملکردی ذرت، دورگ‌های حاصل از پنج لاین s7 ذرت در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان در طی سال زراعی 97-1396 در قالب یک طرح نیمه دای‌آلل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس دی‌آلل به روش چهارم گریفینگ، معنی‌داری واریانس ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی صفات تعداد دانه در بلال، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه را در سطح یک درصد نشان داد که نشان از نقش اثرات افزایشی و غیرافزایشی در کنترل این صفت‌ها داشت. هم‌چنین با توجه به معنی‌دار نبودن واریانس ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی و معنی‌داری واریانس ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی به‌علاوه پایین بودن نسبت نسبت ژنتیکی برای صفت‌های تعداد بلال و تعداد ردیف دانه نقش اثرات غیرافزایشی در کنترل این صفت‌ها مشخص گردید. لاین Line14 ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی مثبت و معنی‌داری برای صفت عملکرد دانه و اکثر صفت‌های مرتبط با آن نشان داد که از این لاین برای بهبود عملکرد و افزایش آن می‌توان در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی استفاده نمود. علاوه بر آن، تلاقی‌های P1×P2 (با عملکرد 718 گرم در مترمربع) و P3×P5 (با عملکرد 728 گرم در مترمربع) به‌عنوان بهترین دورگ‌ها برای بهبود و افزایش عملکرد دانه ذرت معرفی شدند، زیرا ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی مثبت و معنی‌داری برای عملکرد دانه و اکثر صفت‌های مرتبط با آن را نشان دادند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the Combinability of Yield and Yield Components in S7 Maize Lines

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehdi Rahimi

Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran

چکیده [English]

 
Abstract
Introduction
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the fourth most important cereal after wheat, barley and rice in Iran (Ahmadi et al., 2018). Given the future demand of corn as a food for humans and as a feed for livestock, there is a continuous need to evolve new hybrids with high yield. To achieve this, combining ability study is one of the best options (Reddy Yerva et al., 2016). Griffing diallel method (Griffing, 1956a; b) is one of the methods that examines how genetic control traits in parents. It also evaluates the general and specific combining ability of parents and hybrids. The purpose of this study was to estimate the general and specific combining ability of parents and hybrids.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to estimate the gene action and heritability of important agronomic traits, five S7 maize lines were crossed in a 5×5 half-diallel and F1 hybrids derived from them were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran in 2017. Number of ear, grain number per row, grain row number, grain number per ear, ear length, 100-grain weight and grain yield per square meter were evaluated. Analysis of data for general and specific combining ability was carried out following Griffing (1956) method IV model I using DIALLEL-SAS05 program (Zhang et al., 2005).
 
Results and Discussion
Analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference between genotypes for all studied traits that showed the role of additive and non- additive effects in controlling these traits. The low ratio of GCA variance to SCA for the grain row number and number of ear traits, and in other words, the lack of significant GCA variance of these traits showed that genetic control of these traits has a non-additive effect. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability variances for grain number per row, grain number per ear, ear length, 100-grain weight and grain yield per square meter were significant at 1% probability level, indicating the control of these traits by additive and non-additive effects of genes with a greater proportion of additive gene effects.
 
Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that although genes with both additive and non-additive effects played a role in controlling of yield and its component traits, in controlling the traits of ear number and rows, the role of non-additive effects was greater. However, other traits were more controlled by the additive gene effects. The Line 14 had positive and significant GCA for the yield trait and most of its related traits, which indicated that the line could be used in breeding programs to improve yield and increase it. The results also showed that the P1 × P2 and P3 × P5 crosses had positive and significant SCA for yield and its related traits, so these hybrids might be the best for improving and increasing maize grain yield.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additive and non-additive effects
  • General and specific combinability
  • Gene action
  • 100-Grain weight
مراجع
References
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 613-623
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هم رسانی
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