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مطالعه‌ی روابط بین صفات ریخت‌شناسی و فیتوشیمیایی توده‌های مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اصلاح و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهان باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده‌ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
تنوع ژنتیکی نیاز بنیادی برنامه‌های به‌نژادی گیاهان می‌باشد و امکان تولید و پرورش گیاهانی با شرایط مطلوب را فراهم می‌سازد. مرزه با نام علمی .Satureja hortensis L از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دارویی متعلق به خانواده‌ی نعناع می‌باشد که به‌صورت وحشی و زراعی وجود دارد. در این پژوهش، تنوع ژنتیکی20 توده‌ی مرزه‌ی منشا گرفته از ایران و سایر کشورهای جهان از نظر صفات ریخت‌شناسی، فیتوشیمیایی و درصد اسانس بررسی شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری را بین صفات مورد بررسی به‌جز تعداد و وزن خشک گل و فلاونوئید در دو طول موج 300 و 330 نانومتر نشان داد. نتایج بررسی ریخت‌شناسی توده‌ها نشان داد که صفات تعداد میانگره (03/11)، تعداد شاخه (58/18)، وزن هزار دانه (97/925 میلی‌گرم) توده‌ی ازبکستان بیشترین مقدار بود و بیشترین میزان تعداد گل (34/26) و وزن تر گل (14/26 میلی‌گرم) در توده‌ی بلغارستان مشاهده شد هم‌چنین بیشترین درصد اسانس (36/2 درصد) از توده‌ی کرج به‌دست آمد. برآورد ضرایب همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که بیشترین ضریب همبستگی بین وزن تر اندام هوایی و وزن تر گل (97/0 میلی‌گرم) مشاهده شد. هم‌چنین تجزیه خوشه‌ای بر اساس فاصله‌ی اقلیدسی، توده‌های مورد بررسی را در چهار گروه اصلی طبقه‌بندی نمود. نتایج تجزیه‌ی اسانس نشان داد که توده‌ی کرج بیشترین میزان Delta-3-carene (07/14 درصد) و Carvacrol (به‌ترتیب 07/14 و 99/28 درصد) را داشت و توده‌ی بلغارستان بیشترین میزان ɣ-Terpinene و Borneol را نشان داد (به‌ترتیب 21/76 و 81/0 درصد). نتایج تجزیه‌ی خوشه‌ای توده‌های مرزه براساس ترکیبات اسانس نیز توده‌های مرزه را در پنج گروه قرار داد. براساس نتایج این پژوهش، تنوع ژنتیکی قابل توجهی بین توده‌های مرزه موجود در ایران و سایر کشورها وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the Relationship Between Morphological and Phytochemical Traits of Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Accessions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roghayeh Fathi 1
  • Mehdi Mohebodini 2
  • esmaeil chamani 3

1 PhD Student in Horticultural Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran

3 Department of Horticultural science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is used as a spice and traditional herb in Iran. This plant has shown antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, sedative and antimicrobial activities. The basic requirement for plant breeding programs is a germplasm diversity that provides necessary facilities for breeding species with desirable features. Therefore, accurate identification of genotypes is considered as a prerequisite in this manner. Phenotypic characteristics are the first markers that have been used for diversity researches.
 
Materials and Methods
In this research, 20 accessions of S. hortensis were chosen from Iran, Bulgaria, Germany, Czech, Georgia, Syria, Hungary, Poland, Italy and Uzbekistan. Some morphological and phytochemical characteristics such as internode number, shoot number, number of days to germination, collar diameter, fresh weight of aerial part, bract fresh weight, flower number, peduncle length, 1000-seeds weight, flower fresh and dry weight and essential oil components were studied. The measurements began after the 50% of flowering stage.
 
Results and Discussion
Based on the results of morphological studies, internode number (11.03), shoot number (18.58),
1000-seeds weight (925.97 mg) high variable Uzbekistan accessions were best in this traits. Maximum flower number (26.34) and flower fresh weight (26.14 mg) were obtained from Bulgaria accession. Essential oil amount was higher in Karaj accession. Correlation coefficients among traits showed that fresh weight of aerial part had the highest correlation with flower fresh weight (0.97). Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance divided the accessions into four major groups in which the third and fourth groups had valuable characteristics. The Bulgaria accession had the highest ɣ-Terpinene and Borneol. The Karaj accession was the best in carvacrol and delta-3-carene content. Clustering from essential oil component assigned accessions into five clusters. It can be suggested that there is a considerable genetic variation among S. hortensis accessions. The main purpose of this study was to determine genetic diversity among S. hortensis accessions from Iran and other parts of the world. Significant differences were found among the accessions in almost every parameter measured. The range of vegetative and flower values obtained in this study was more than those reported in previous researches about S. hortensis. With increasing shoot and leaf number, Iran appears to be the main place to trap sunlight for photosynthesis and consequently provides the condition to produce flowers, seeds and secondary metabolites. Thus, Uzbekistan and Bulgaria accessions having high values of leaf and flower can also be considered for cultivation and breeding programs.
 
Conclusion
In this study, agro-morphological and essential oil properties of S. hortensis accessions originated from Iran and some Asian and European countries were evaluated. The study revealed a high level of diversity in morphological and phytochemical traits among S. hortensis accessions. This needs a breeding approach during the domestication process to obtain homogenous cultivars with suitable agricultural properties.
 
Keywords: Cluster analysis, Essential oil, Genetic diversity

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster analysis
  • Essential oil
  • Genetic diversity
  • Satureja hortensis
مراجع
References
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 305-319
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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