نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

فلزات سنگین باعث کاهش رشد گیاهان می‌شوند و بر پتانسیل عملکردی آن‌ها تأثیر می‌گذارند. کادمیوم (Cd) یکی از فلزات سنگین است که باعث ایجاد تنش در گیاهان می‌شود. قارچ‌های مایکوریزا می‌توانند گیاهان را در برابر تنش‌های محیطی محافظت کنند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر قارچ‌های مایکوریزا بر زیست‌توده خشک اندام هوایی و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گشنیز تحت تنش کادمیوم آزمایشی گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور و در 3 تکرار در گلخانه‌ تحقیقاتی گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1397 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول نیترات کادمیوم در 4 سطح صفر، 20‌، 40، 80 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک و فاکتور دوم قارچ مایکوریزا در 3 سطح بدون کاربرد قارچ، قارچ‌هایGlomus mosseae  وGlomus intraradices  بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم مقادیر نشت الکترولیت،کربوهیدرات محلول، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل و پرولین برگ گشنیز افزایش پیدا کردند؛ ولی مقدار زیست‌توده خشک اندام هوایی،کلروفیل ‌a، b، کل و کارتنوئید کاهش یافتند. به‌طوری‌که با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم مقدار وزن خشک اندام هوایی گشنیز 40 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش کاربرد قارچ‌های مایکوریزا در شرایط تنش فلز سنگین کادمیوم باعث کاهش اثر تنش شد. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار زیست‌توده خشک اندام هوایی در گیاهان میکوریزی و عدم کاربرد کادمیوم و کمترین مقدار در گیاهان غیرمیکوریزی رشد یافته در خاک آلوده به کادمیوم در بالاترین غلظت آن مشاهده شد. به‌طورکلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد کاربرد قارچGlomus mossea  تأثیر بهتری بر صفات مورد بررسی داشت و کاربرد آن توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Two Mycorrhiza Fungi Species on Biochemical Characteristic and Aerial Dry Biomass of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Under Cadmium Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Mohammadifard 1
  • Mohammad Moghaddam 2

1 M.Sc. Student of Horticultural Science, Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Nowadays, soil pollution to various heavy metals is one of the most important environmental issues in human societies, which has adverse effects on soil and soil flora and groundwater contamination. Among the heavy metals, cadmium with a half-life of about 20 years, its high mobility in the soil and absorption by the plant, has a significant toxicity that its presence in the food chain seriously threatens human health. A wide range of studies have shown that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increases the resistance of many plants against heavy metals.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on biochemical properties of coriander under heavy metal stress, a pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouses at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 replications was conducted. The first factor was heavy metal in 4 levels of 0, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg nitrate cadmium soil and the second factor was mycorrhiza fungi in 3 levels without fungi and Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradicese application. The soil mixture included soil, leafy soil and sand in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. All traits were measured at flowering stage. The studied traits include aerial parts dry biomass, chlorophyll, b, a, electrolyte leakage, soluble carbohydrate, antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids and proline. Data analysis using Minitab 17 software was done.
 
Results and Discussion
The results were showed that by increasing the concentration of cadmium, the amount of electrolyte leakage, soluble carbohydrate, antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids and proline increased. However, with increasing cadmium concentration, the amount of dry biomass of aerial parts, chlorophyll, a, b and carotenoids decreased. So, with increasing cadmium concentration, the amount of aerial parts dry biomass of coriander decreased by 40% compared with the control. Based on this study, using of mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium pollution reduced the stress influence, so that the highest amount of aerial parts dry biomass was found in plants treated with mycorrhizal and without cadmium application. The lowest amount dry biomass of aerial parts was found in without mycorrhizal with highest nitrate cadmium concentration (80 mg/kg soil). The highest amount of proline, soluble carbohydrate, phenol, antioxidant activity, and total flavonoids was observed in plants which treated with the highest nitrate cadmium concentration (80 mg/kg soil) and Glomus intraradicese application.
 
Conclusion
So that inoculated plants with mycorrhizal fungi had drier biomass of aerial parts than plants without mycorrhiza. According to the results of this study, in the conditions of environmental stresses such as cadmium stress, the use of mycorrhizal fungi reduces its destructive effects, which can be used as a management solution in heavy metal contaminated areas. In general, the results of this study showed that application of Glomus mosseae fungus in cadmium stress has a better effect on the traits and its application is recommended in this condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Heavy metal
  • Proline
  • Soluble carbohydrates
  • Total phenol
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