نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
وزن نهایی میوه کیوی تأثیر زیادی در بازارپسندی آن دارد و تدارک بازاریابی یک محصول صادراتی مانند میوه کیوی نیازمند برآورد دقیق میانگین اندازه میوه است. بنابراین، رشد میوه کیوی رقم هایوارد به روش تخریبی و غیرتخریبی در در طی سال‌های 1392-1394به مدت سه سال در شهرستان آستارا در منطقه غرب گیلان بررسی شد. میوه‌ها با فاصله زمانی یک تا دو هفته برای اندازه‌گیری حجم میوه با آب جایگزین، وزن تر، محیط میوه، قطر بزرگ، قطر کوچک و طول میوه‌ها برداشت شدند و رابطه همبستگی برای تخمین وزن تازه میوه و حجم میوه با استفاده از ابعاد میوه (995/0r>) به‌دست آمد و منحنی‌های رشد هر یک از میانگین‌ها در هر مرحله اندازه‌گیری برآورد شد. افزایش حجم یا وزن تر میوه هایوارد در طول فصل رشد به شکل سیگموئید دوگانه بود. چگالی میوه در حدود سه ماه بعد از تشکیل میوه که کمتر از یک بود به بیش از یک واحد افزایش یافت. تجزیه همبستگی نشان داد که با پیشرفت رشد و نمو میوه میزان همبستگی بین اندازه میوه با اندازه نهایی آن افزایش یافت و حدود 55 روز پس از تشکیل میوه به بیش از 95/0 رسید. انحراف معیار اندازه میوه در این مرحله 55/11 سانتی‌متر مکعب بود. ضریب همبستگی بالای 95/0 بین وزن میوه و طول آن با وزن و طول نهایی میوه در زمان برداشت به ترتیب 72 و 89 روز بعد از تشکیل میوه به‌دست‌آمد. بنابراین، با استفاده از روابط ریاضی به‌دست آمده می‌توان اندازه نهایی میوه را با اندازه‌گیری طول و محیط میوه در یک و نیم تا دو ماه ماه بعد از تشکیل میوه پیش‌بینی کرد.
 
کلیدواژه‌ها: چگالی، رشد میوه، طول میوه، وزن، همبستگی

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Predicting the Final Fruit Size of Kiwifruit cv. 'Hayward' Using Mathematical Equations

نویسنده [English]

  • Ebrahim Abedi Gheshlaghi

Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Fruit size is an important attribute of all fruit crops and harvest fruit weight has a major influence on market acceptance and returns for many fruit crops like kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward'. The purpose of this study was to develop a non-destructive technique by measuring fruit dimensions and fruit volume by water displacement to measure fruit growth and using this information to develop a method for predicting fruit weight at different stages of its development.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted using the mature vines of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit. The kiwifruit vines were grown in an orchard located in Astara, Guilan province, Iran (latitude 38.22°N and longitude 48.51°E), trained to a T-bar system with plants spaced of 4×5 m. Fruits were destructively harvested at one-two weeks after fruit set during the season to obtain measurements of individual fruit volume by water displacement, fruit fresh weight, circumference of fruit and three linear measurements of fruit size, from which a correlation relation was derived to enable estimation of fruit volume, fruit fresh weight from the fruit measurements (r> 0.995). This enabled the growth of tagged fruit on the vine to be followed by non­destructive measurements of the fruit dimensions and the growth curves of each mean were estimated at each measurement step.
Results and Discussion
The increase in the fresh weight or volume of 'Hayward' fruit over the season was a double sigmoid in shape. The fruit density was less than one in about three months after the fruit set and then increased to more than one unit. Correlation analysis between the data of different stages of measurement with fruit harvesting data showed that with the progress of fruit growth, the correlation between fruit size and its final size increased, and about 55 days after fruit set reached to more than 0.95. The standard deviation of fruit size at this stage was 11.55 cm3. The correlation coefficient above 0.95 between fruit weight and its length with fruit weight and length at harvest time was calculated 72 and 89 days after fruit set, respectively. Fruit size in kiwifruit is affected by various factors and the final size and weight of the fruit is likely to be determined by the rapid fruit growth period. This period that results from cell division and cell size enlargement took about 50-60 days after fruit set for Hayward cultivar when the fruit reaches approximately half of its volume in this period. Applying any stress at the cell division stage will affect the final fruit size. Given the high correlation between the dimensions of the fruit with the final fruit size at the end of the rapid growth period, it is possible to predict the final fruit size at the end of this period with great accuracy. Therefore, using the obtained mathematical equations, the final size of the fruit can be estimated by the measurement of the length and circumference of fruit in one and a half months to two after the fruit set.
 
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, with a simple and practical method and with a high and significant correlation coefficient, by measuring the length and circumference of the fruit about one and a half months to two after fruit formation, the final fruit size at harvest can be predicted in order to take the necessary measures to export, sell and/or store the fruit.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Correlation
  • Fruit growth
  • Fruit length
  • Gravity
  • Weight
References
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