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تأثیر انبارداری پیوندک و زمان انجام پیوند بر گیرایی پیوند در ریزپیوندی برون شیشه‌ای پسته

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر(عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر(عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشکده پسته، رفسنجان، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر(عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

ریز پیوندی یکی از روش‌های نسبتاً جدید برای تکثیر گیاهان می‌باشد. این روش در گیاهان چوبی به‌منظور تولید گیاهان بدون بیماری، بازجوان‌سازی، بررسی موثر سازگاری پایه و پیوندک و افزایش غیرجنسی همسانه‌ها استفاده شده است. به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر انبارداری پیوندک و زمان انجام پیوند بر گیرایی پیوند در ریزپیوندی برون‌شیشه‌ای پسته، آزمایش گلخانه‌ای با دو فاکتور شامل عامل زمان پیوند (بهمن، اسفند و اردیبهشت) و انبارداری پیوندک (صفر و 30 روز) با ده تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی طی سال‌های 1396 و 1397 و در گلخانه دانشگاه ولی عصر(عج) رفسنجان انجام شد. در این آزمایش میزان موفقیت ریزپیوندی پسته رقم "احمدآقایی" بر روی پایه‌های 14 روزه بادامی ریز زرند مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. پیوندک‌های "احمدآقایی" از سرشاخه‌های درختان بالغ در سه زمان مختلف (بهمن، اسفند و اردیبهشت) تهیه و بلافاصله یا پس از یک ماه انبارداری در دمای 4 درجه‌‌سلسیوس با روش اسکنه معکوس پیوند شدند. 21 روز پس از انجام عمل پیوند صفاتی همچون درصد گیرایی پیوند، رشد پیوندک، زمان لازم برای گیرایی، تعداد برگ پیوندک و میزان قندهای محلول کل پیوندک اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین درصدگیرایی (100 درصد) و قندهای محلول مربوط به زمان پیوند بهمن و با پیوندک‌هایی بود که به‌صورت تازه برداشت و بلافاصله پیوند شدند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد بیشترین زمان لازم (18 روز) برای گیرایی پیوند در اردیبهشت با پیوندک‌های انبارشده به‌دست آمد. در مجموع نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهدکه بهترین زمان برای انجام پیوند در بهمن ماه و با پیوندکی بود که در همان زمان برداشت شده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of scion storage and grafting time on graft union of Pistachio minigrafting under in-vivo condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Sadeghi 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Shamshiri 2
  • Amanollah Javanshah 3
  • Vahed Bagheri 4

1 Ph.D. Student of Horticultural Science, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran

3 Assistant professor of Pistachio Research Center, Rafsanjan, Iran

4 Ph.D. Graduate ofHorticultural Science, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Micrografting is a relatively new technique for propagation of plants. This technique has been used on woody species to produce viruses-free plants, rejuvenation, and reinvigoration, analysis of grafting compatibility and incompatibility and clone's propagation. Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is one of the most important commercial trees grown in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran where it is of vital importance to the permanent farming. Increase of pistachio cultivation areas during last three decades caused a continuous growing demand for pistachio planting materials in Iran. The benefits of applying in vivo and in vitro micrografting to the pistachio are obvious, especially when considering the need to improve the genetic quality of the planting stock of this slow-growing species while increasing crop potential. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of scion storage and grafting time on clonal propagation of pistachio from elite-mature trees.

Materials and methods
In order to evaluate the effect of scion storage and grafting time on grafting success of in-vivo micrografting of Pistachio, an experiment was achieved an factorial based on compeletly randomized design (CRD) during 2017-2018 under greenhouse condition. In the experiment, the success of micrografting in "Ahmad aghaiee " Pistachio on 14-days "Badami-Riz-Zaran" rootstocks were examined. The scion of "Ahmad aghaiee" were prepared from shoot tips of mature trees at three different times (February, march and may) and grafted immediately or after one month storage at 4 °C using inverted cleft grafting method. 21 days after grafting, some traits such as graft union percentage, scion growth, time to graft union, scion leaf number and total soluble sugar were recorded.

Results
The results showed that the highest graft union percentage (100%) was observed on the grafted plants of February, immediately after grafting. Based on the results, soluble sugars were significantly increased in freshly harvested scions in February and March. The results also showed that the maximum time (18 days) for time graft union was obtained in April with the stored scion whereas the lowest time graft union (11 days) was observed in February with scion taken at the same time. In addition, we found that the highest scion growth rate was due to freshly harvested scions and grafts in February.

Discussion
It was found that February was the best time of micrografting with scion taken at the same time because in this period carbohydrate content of the scions was higher than other months. Also, pistachio contain high amount of phenolic compounds. Exudation of phenolic compounds from the cut surfaces and their oxidation by polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes cause discoloration of the tissues which results in poor micrografting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ahmad aghaiee
  • graft union percentage
  • inverted cleft grafting
  • scion growth
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© 2021 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 259-270
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هم رسانی
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