Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute (SPII), Shahid Fahmideh BLVD, Karaj, iran

Abstract

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
This study aimed at determining growth indices and temperature requirements at different stages of plant growth in order to optimize the ecology of plants to increase yield due to the availability of appropriate access to many agro technological issues, including appropriate planting dates, timely irrigation, appropriate time of harvesting, proper time to control the pests and diseases, the selection the appropriate cultivars, and achieving the highest yield of crops. The study also aimed at determining the growth indices and the growth rate of oat based on the BBCH scale.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during 2013-2014 growing season. Five oat genotypes (V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5) were grown under three different planting densities (including 300, 400, and 500 plants.m-2) using factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growing Degree Days (GDD) of the different growing stages, according to the BBCH scale, and the daily temperature were calculated. Several physiological traits such as CGR, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), SPAD value and total dry matter yield were evaluated.
 
Results
The treatments had different effects on growth indices and physiological traits such as plant growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilasion rate (NAR), leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll meter number, and dry matter yield. The results of the mean comparison showed that V2 had the highest level of NAR, RGR, CGR and TDW among oat genotypes, with an average of 1.40 g.m-2.day-1, 0.0015 g. g-1.da, 6.34 g.m-2.day and 39.87 g.m-2.day respectively, at a density of 300 plants / m2. In contrast, V1 had the lowest total dry matter yield with an average of 22.95 g.m-2 day. Among the genotypes, V2 had the lowest growth period with a density of 300 plants.m-2 with an average of 162 days of planting and 1899 days of growth (GDD in degrees C) and V4 had the highest growth period among the studied genotypes at a density of 500 plants.m-2 with the average of 175 days of sowing and 2178 days of growth.
Discussion
Reducing CGR at high densities can result in reduced photosynthetic energy in the growth of organs, or increased respiration or poor nutritional transmission of the growth of leaves from the root (Moradpour et al. 2013). Because of the decreasing RGR trend and the increasing density, dry matter accumulation was mainly attributed to undifferentiated tissues, as well as the shading of leaves on each other. Moreover, the increase in the age of the leaves can be considered effective in this decrease. Reductions in NAR during the increase in density can be attributed to the rapid addition of assimilates to seeds and the aging of the leaves. Considering the results of this research, it is suggested that using a GDD scale can lead to better at the growing season by estimating the time table as well as the time of phenological stages of oat in order to manage agricultural production, and therefore to determine the necessary conditions for plant growth.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Ansari Ardali, S. and AghaAlikhani, M. (2015). Effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rate on forage yield and quality of cultivated amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 17(1), 35-45. [In Farsi].
Buerstmayr, H., Krenn, N., Stephan, U., Grausgruber, H. and Zechner, E. (2007). Agronomic performance and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes of worldwide origin produced under Central European growing conditions. Field Crops Research, 101(3), 343-351.
Christensen, D. A. (1993). Composition, digestibility and voluntary intake of Saskatchewan forages by cattle. 1976 to 1993. Department of Animal Poultion SciencePublication, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Clark, J. M. (1978). The effect of leaf removal on yield and components of Brassica napus. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 58(4), 1103-1105.
Gardner, T. A., Barlow, J. L., Parry, T. W. and Peres, C. A. (2007). Predicting the uncertain future of tropical forest species in a data vacuum. Biotropica, 39(1), 25-30.
Ghassemi, K., A. Soltai and A. Atashi. 1997. The effect of water limitation in the field on seed quality of maize and sorghum seed. Seed Science and Technology, 25: 321 – 323.
Hamzehi, J. (2012). Evaluation of Yield, SPAD Index, Landuse Efficiency and System Productivity Index of Barley (Hurdeum vulgare) Intercropped with Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia). Journal of Production and Processing of Crop and Gardening, 2(4), 79-92. [In Farsi]
Karimi, M. and Azizi, M. (Eds.) (1997). Crop growth analyzes. Mashhad: University Jihad Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Farsi]
Kazemi Arbat, H. (2009). Private cultivation cereals (vol. 1). Tehran: University Publication Center. [In Farsi]
Khabiri, E. and Jafari, M. (2012). The effect of different light levels on the growth of wheat gascogne. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3(12), 2358-2363.
Khodabandeh, N. (2013). Cereals. Tehran: Tehran University Press and Publishing. [In Farsi]
Koochaki, A. and Sarmadnia, GH. (Eds.) (1996). Crops physiology. Mashhad: University Jihad Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Farsi]
Krishna, A., Ahmed, S. H. Pandey, H., Cand, D. and Bahukhandi, H. (2013). Estimates of Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes for grain and fodder yield. Agricultural Science Research Journals, 3(2), 56-61.
Lebas Chi, M. and Sharifi Ashoorabadi, A. (2004). The use of growth physiological indices in the proper operation of rai flower. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi, 3(65), 65-75. [In Farsi]
Majidian, M. and Imam, Y. (2012). Growth stages of cereals. Guilan: University of Guilan. [In Farsi]
Miller, P., Lanier, W. and Brandt, S. (2001). Using growing degree days to predict plant stages. Montana State University. Retrieved fromhttp/www. store.msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT200103AG.pdf.
Mometazi, F. and Imam, Y. (2006). Effect of planting date and plant density on yield and yield components of winter wheat of Shiraz cultivar. Agricultural Sciences of Iran, 1(37), 1-11. [In Farsi]
Moradpour, S., Koohi, R., Babaei, M. and Goldoust Khorshidi, M. (2013). Effect of Planting date and Planting density on rice yield and growth analysis (Fajr variety). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(3), 267-272.
Morrison, M. J., Stewart, D. W. and Mcvetty, P. B. E. (1992). Maximum area expansion rate and duration of summer rape leaves. Canadian Journal Plant Science, 72(1), 117-126.
Movahhedy Dehnavy, M., Modarres Sanavy, S. A. M., Sorushzadeh, A. and Jalali, M. (2004). Changes in proline, total soluble sugars, SPAD and chlorophyll fluorescences in winter safflower cultivars under drought stress and foliar application of zinc and manganese. Desert, 9(1), 93-107. [In Farsi]
Niknam, N., Faraji, H., Adhami, E. and Badvi, A. (2012). Relationship between source and sink of maize at different levels of plant density and nitrogen in Mamasani conditions, Fars province. Plant Productions, 35(1), 1-10. [In Farsi]
Razavi, S.A., Hamidi, H., Azizi, Gh. and Asghari, R. (2018). Modeling the Effect of Plant Density on Leaf Production and Senescence of Wheat in Terminal Stage Water Holding Conditions. Plant Productions, 41(1), 117-130. [In Farsi]
Robertson, G. W. (1983). Weather-based mathematical models for estimating development and ripening of crop. Eneva: World Meteorological Organization.
Singh, R., De, S. and Belkheir, A. (2013). Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: An overview. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53(2), 126-144.
Valadabadi, S. A. and Farahani, H. A. (2010). Effects of planting density and pattern on physiological growth indices in maize (Zea mays L.) under nitrogenous fertilizer application. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2(3), 040-047.‏
Wu, G. L. (2007). The status of oat in the course of sustainable development of stockbreeding in alpine meadow. Journal of Herbage Feed, 1, 10-12.
Yousefi, F., Hassibi, P., Roshanfekr, H. and Meskarbashee, M. (2015). Study of drought and salinity stress effect on some physiological characters of two canola (Brassica Napus L.) varieties in Ahvaz. Journal of Plant Production, 38(4), 25-34. [In Farsi]
Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T. and Konzak. C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research, 14(6), 415-421.
Zhang, Y. S., Zhou, X. M. and Wang, Q. J. (1998). A preliminary analysis of production performance of Oat at alpine meadow pasture. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 6(2), 115-123.
 
 
 © 2019 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)