نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه، علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه اصلاح و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
رنگ سطحمیوهیکیازعواملمهمدر ارزیابیکیفیو ویژگی‌های ظاهری در میوه محسوبمی‌شود، که اولین مؤلفه پذیرش توسط مشتری است.مطالعه‌ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 12 رقم سیب بومی و وارداتی در سه تکرار در سال 1395 و در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی گروه باغبانی انجام شد. در این پژوهش، خصوصیات کیفی شامل آنتوسیانین پوست و گوشت میوه، قند کل، شاخص طعم، pH و هدایت‌الکتریکی و شاخص‌های مربوط به رنگ شامل شاخص روشنایی (L)، شاخص قرمزی (a) و شاخص زردی (b)، هیو (H) و کروما (C) برای هریک از ارقام سیب اندازه‌گیری شد.نتایج نشان داد بیشترین میزان شاخص قرمزی (31) و کروما پوست (4/33) و قرمزی گوشت میوه (83/27) در رقم مازند2، بیشترین میزان هیو پوست (22/87)، روشنایی (67/89) وهیو گوشت (22/87) در رقم گالا و بیشترین میزان روشنایی (03/86) و زردی پوست میوه (83/26) و زردی گوشت میوه (8/20) در رقم گلدن دلیشز مشاهده شد و همچنین بیشترین مقدارآنتوسیانین پوست (07/1 مول بر گرم وزن‌تر) در رقم رددلیشز و آنتوسیانین گوشت در رقم مازند2 (16/0 مول بر گرم وزن‌تر) به دست آمد. بالاترین میزان شاخص طعم در رقم شاهرود 10(31/80 درصد)، و بیشترین میزان قند کل (35/2250 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن‌تر) در رقم رددلیشز، EC آب‌میوه (10/6 دسی‌زیمنس/متر) در رقم گل قرمز و pH آبمیوه (36/5) در رقم گلاب کهنز مشاهده شد. بیشترین همبستگی مثبت در ارقام گوشت قرمز مربوط به آنتوسیانین پوست و گوشت میوه (99/0) و در سایر ارقام بیشترین همبستگی مربوط به روشنایی و زردی پوست (92/0) بود. طبق نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می‌توان گفت شاخص قرمزی با مقدار آنتوسیانین میوه، شاخص طعم میوه با هیو پوست، مقدار روشنایی با زردی پوست میوه و هدایت الکتریکی با مقدار قند میوه در ارتباط بود. شاخص زردی (b) با آنتوسیانین پوست و گوشت ارتباط منفی معنی‌دار داشت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تفاوت‌های روشن در شاخص‌های رنگ بین ارقام گوشت قرمز و سایر ارقام وجود داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Relationship of Color Indices with Some Chemical Characteristic in Red and White Apple Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Jabari 1
  • Mohammad Mehdi ُSHARIFANI 2
  • Ahad Yamchi 3

1 M.Sc. Student of Horticultual Science, Department of Horticultual Science, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultual Science, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
Apple is one of the most important common fruit trees in temperate regions of the world with a lot of phenotypes and genotypes. Fruit surface color is one of the important factors in evaluating the qualities and appearance of fruits. This is the first component of acceptance by the customer, which indicates anomalies in agricultural products.
 
Materials and Methods
For this purpose, a study was conducted in 2016 in a completely randomized design with 12 varieties of native and imported apples in three replications. In this research, qualitative characteristics including anthocyanins for skin and flesh fruit, total sugar, flavor index, pH and EC and color indexes including brightness index (L), redness index (a), yellowness index (b), Hue (H), and Chroma (C) were measured for each apple cultivar.
 
Results
The results showed the highest indexes of a and C of skin. Moreover, the index of a related to the flesh of fruit in Mazand 2 had the highest levels of Hue skin, brightness and Hue flesh in Gala cultivar. The highest amount of brightness and yellowneass of fruit skin and flesh was observed in Golden delicious cultivar. While the highest amount of anthocyanin in skin was found in Red delicious cultivar. the highest amount of anthocyanin in flesh was found in Mazand 2. Furthermore, the highest level of flavor index was found in Shahrod 10 and the maximum amount of total sugar was detected in Red delicious cultivar. The utmost EC juice and the highest juice pH were observed in Gol Ghermez and Golab Kohanz cultivars, respectively. The highest positive correlation was found between anthocyanin of skin and anthocyanin of fruit pulp in the red flesh apple (0.99).  Based on the results of this research, the red index and the fruit flavor index correlated with skin Hue, brightness of skin correlated with yellow color of skin, and fruit EC correlated with sugar content of the fruit.
 
Discussion
Finally, the highest correlation was found between anthocyanin in skin and the red flesh apple. In
other apple cultivars, a significant correlation was found between index (a) and the yellowness of the apples (0.92). Further positive correlation was set between index C and anthocyanin content and flavor index. A positive correlation was observed between H and L indexes and the yellow color of the apple. Index b indicated a significant negative correlation with anthocyanin of skin and flesh of apple. The highest red content in red flesh apples indicated positive correlation with a and c indices, which has already been confirmed by the results of other researchers.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anthocyanin
  • Colorimeter
  • Correlation
  • Flavor index
  • Non-destructive measurement
  • Sugar total
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