The Effect of Pollen Type of Some Walnut Genotypes on Fruit Set, and Fruit Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of MSG15, MKG23 and MKG24 as Seed Parents

Rasouli, Mousa; Ershadi, Bahman; Karimi, Rouhollah

doi:10.22055/ppd.2019.22840.1498

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

² M.Sc. Student of Plant Production Engineering, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Malayer, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22840.1498

Abstract

Abstract

Background and Objectives
To achieve optimal fruit set, economic productivity and targeted crossings in seedlings and grafted walnut orchards, the flowering time of both male and female flowers and their overlapping is important. Since the walnut ovule longevity is limited, fertilization should occur at the shortest possible periods to lead to fruit set. Therefore, the evaluation of effective pollination periods and the needed time for the growth of pollen tube and ovule fertilization are important for successful fertilization. The aim of this study was to investigate the compatibility and the effect of pollen on some selected genotypes of walnut as pollinizers on the fruit set, fruit composition and the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the progeny derived from MSG₁₅, MKG₂₃ and MKG₂₄ genotypes as maternal parents.

Materials and Methods
This research was conducted in 2016-2017 in the research garden of Malayer University in Hamedan province. In this study, female parents including MSG₁₅, MKG₂₃andMKG₂₄were pollinated with pollinizers of MKG₄, MKG₅, MKG₁₀, MKG₁₃, MKG₁₄, MSG₁₅, MKG₂₃and MKG₂₄. Some of the characteristics of the fruit and the kernel were also evaluated in the offspring resulting from controlled pollination.

Results
Based on the results, the cross between female parent genotype of MSG₁₅with pollinizers of MKG₄(%79.33), MKG₅(%81.67) and MSG₁₅ (%79.67), female parent genotype of MKG₂₃with pollinizers genotypes of MKG₅ (%83.67) and MKG₁₀ (%62.67)_, female parent of MKG₂₄ with pollinizer genotypes of MKG₅ (%81.67) and MKG₁₄ (%81.33) showed the highest fruit set. Also, female parent of MKG₁₅ with pollinizers of MKG₁₃(%38.33), MKG₂₃ (%37.33) and MKG₂₄ (%38.33), female parent of MKG₂₃ with pollinizer MKG₂₄(%40.00), female parent of MKG₂₄ with pollinizers MKG₁₀ (%42.33) and MKG₂₃(%42.33)showed the maximum flower abscission. Moreover, the highest percentage of kernel (%61.9) was found in combination cross of female parent of MSG₁₅ with MKG₅pollinizers. The lowest fruit weight with husk (250 gr) and kernel fresh weight (50.5 gr) was found in combination cross of female parent MKG₂₃ with pollinizer of MKG₂₄. In addition, the lowest percentage of kernel (%28.98) was totally obtained in combination cross of female parent MSG₁₅ with pollinizer of MKG₂₄.

Discussion
The highest percentage of fruit was obtained in hybridization of maternal parent MSG₁₅ with pollinizers MK₄, MKG_5, MSG₁₅, and MKG₂₃ as seed parents with pollinizers MKG_5, MKG₁₀, and MKG₂₃ mother's parents with paternal parents MKG₅ and MKG₁₀. According to the results of this research, it is possible to use compatible and suitable genotypes introduced in this study in other walnut breeding programs.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References

Atefi, J. (1993). Evaluation of walnut genotypes in Iran. Acta Horticulturae, 311(1), 24-33.

Catlin, P. B. and Olsson, E. A. (1990). Pistillate flower abscission of walnut “Serr’’, “Sun-land’’, “Howard’’and “Chandler’’. HortScience, 25(11), 1391-1392.

Catlin, P. B. and Polito, V. S. (1989). Cell and tissue damage associated with pistillate flower abscission. of Persian walnut. HortScience, 24(6), 1003-1005.

Catlin, P. B., Ramos, D. E., Sibbett G. S., Olsson, W. H. and Olson, E. A. (1987). Pistillate flower abscission. Of the persian walnut. HortScience, 22(2), 201-205.

Cedo, M. L. O., Deguzman, D. V. and Rimando, T. J. (1984). Controlled pollination of embryo cultured makapuno coconut (Cocosnucifera L.). Philipine Agriculture, 67(2), 100-104.

Deng, X., Weinbaum, S. A., Degong, T. M. and Muraoka T. T. (1991). Pistillate flower abortion in ‘’Serr’’ walnut associated with reduced carbohydrate and nitrogen concentration in wood and xylem sap. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 116(2), 291-296.

Denney, J. O. (1992). Xenia includes metaxenia. HortScience, 27(7), 722-728.

Eskandari, S., Hassani, D. and Abdi, A. (2005). Investigation on genetic diversity of Persian walnut and evaluation of promising genotypes. Acta Horticulturae, 705(1), 159-163.

FAO. (2013). FAOSTAT database results. Retrieved fromhttp/www.faostat.Fao.org.faostat. Servlet/.

Ford, H. I. (1975). Walnuts. In J. Janick and J. N. Moore (Eds.). Advances in fruit breeding (pp. 439-455). West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press.

Fornari, B., Malvolti, M.E., Taurchini, D., Fineschi, S., Beritognolo, I., Maccagli, E. and Cannata, F. (2001). Isozyme and organellar DNA analysis of genetic diversity in manualy naturalized European and Asiaic walnut (Juglans regia L.) populations. Acta Horticulturae, 544(1), 167-176.

Germain, E. (1997). Genetic improvement of the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Acta Horticulturae, 442(2), 21-32.

Golzari, M., Rahemi, M., Hassani, D., Vahdati, K. and Mohammadi, N. (2013). Protein content, fat and fatty acids of kernel in some Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars affected by kind of pollen. Journal of Foot Science and Technology, 38(10), 21-31. [In Farsi]

Griggs, W. H., Forde, H. L., Iwakiri, B. T. and Asay, R. N. (1971). Effect of subfreezing temperature on the viability of Persian walnut pollen. HortScience, 6(2), 235-237.

Hassani, D., Mozaffari, M. R., Dehghan Souraki, Y., Soleimani, A. and Loni, A. (2013). Vegetative and reproductive traits of some Iranian local and foreign cultivars and genotypes of walnut (Juglans regia L.). Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 29(4), 839-855.

Lombard, P. B., Callan, N. W., Dennis, F. G., Looney, N. E., Martin, G. C., Renquist, A. R. and Mielke, E. A. (1988). Towards a standardized nomencalture, procedures, values, and units in determining fruit and nut tree yield performance. HortScience, 23(5), 813-817.

McGranahan, G. H., Charles, A., Leslie, C. A., Philips, H. A. and Dandaker, A. (1998). Walnut propagation. In D. D. Ramos (Ed.) Walnut Production Manual (pp.71-83). California: University of California Press.

Moosavi Nazhad, S., Hajilou, J. and Rahnamoon, H. (2014). 'Effect of different temperatures on germination and pollen tube growth dynamics with different time of flowering in almond cultivars. Plant Productions, 37(1), 49-58. [In Farsi]

Polito, V. S. (1985). Flower differentiation and pollination In D. E. Ramos (Ed.). Walnut orchard management (pp. 81-86). Berkeley, California: University of California Publication.

Ramus, D., McGranahan., G. and Hendricks, L. (1982). Walnuts: Division of agriculture.California: University of California Press.

Rongting, X. and Zhihua, Z. (1993). A study of walnut staminate bud thining on highering the percentages of fruit-setting. Acta Horticulturae, 311(1), 228-233.

Ryugo, K. (1988). Fruit culture: Its science and art. U.S.A.: Jehn Wiley and Sons.

Ryugo, K., Bartoloni, G., Carlson, R. M. and Ramos, D. E. (1985). Relationship between catkin development and cropping in the Persian walnut “Serr”. HortScience, 21(7), 1094-1096.

Sartorius, R. (1990). Anatomische, histologische und cytologische untersuch-ungen zur samenetwick lung beider walnut B (Juglans regia L.) unter besonderer berucksichtigung der apomixis. Hohenheim: University of Hohenheim Press.

Volz, K. K., Ferguson, L. B., Bowen, G. H. and Watkins, C. B. (1993). Crop load effects on fruit mineral nutrition, maturity, fruting and tree growth of Cox‘s orange pippin apple. Journal of Horticultural Science, 68(1), 127-137.

Wright, C. J. (1989). Manipulation of fruiting. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Zare-Rashnodi, N., Erfani Moghadam, J. and Fazeli, A. (2019). The screening of Persian walnut genotypes based on the quantitative and qualitative characters and the investigation of genetic diversity among promising samples using ISSR marker. Plant Productions, 42(2), 279-294. [In Farsi]

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

The Effect of Pollen Type of Some Walnut Genotypes on Fruit Set, and Fruit Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of MSG15, MKG23 and MKG24 as Seed Parents

References

References

Volume 42, Issue 3December 2019Pages 307-320

Volume 42, Issue 3
December 2019
Pages 307-320