بررسی اثر نوع دانه گرده برخی از ژنوتیپ‌های گردو بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی و درصد تشکیل میوه در والدین مادری MSG15، MKG23 و MKG24

رسولی, موسی; ارشادی قره لر, بهمن; کریمی, روح الله

doi:10.22055/ppd.2019.22840.1498

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی تولیدات گیاهی، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

³ استادیار، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22840.1498

چکیده

چکیده
برای تشکیل میوه، باردهی اقتصادی و انجام تلاقی‌های هدفمند در گردو باید گرده‌دهنده‌هایی در باغ‌های بذری و پیوندی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند که با ارقام اصلی همپوشانی گل‌دهی داشته و با توجه به محدودیت طول
عمر تخمک در گردو، در کمترین زمان لقاح صورت گرفته و میوه تشکیل شود. در این تحقیق والدهای مادری
MSG₁₅، MKG₂₃ و MKG₂₄با والدین پدریMKG₄، MKG₅، MKG₁₀، MKG₁₃، MKG₁₄، MSG₁₅، MKG₂₃وMKG₂₄به‌صورت کنترل‌شده گرده‌افشانی شدند. این تحقیق در سال‌های 1396- 1395 در باغ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ملایر واقع
در استان همدان اجرا شد.برخی از خصوصیات خشک میوه و مغز نیز در نتاج حاصل از تلاقی کنترل‌شده ارزیابی
شد. نتایج نشان داد که والد مادری MSG₁₅با والدین پدری MKG₄(33/79 درصد)، MKG₅(67/81 درصد) و MSG₁₅ (67/79%)، والد مادری MKG₂₃با والدین پدریMKG₅(67/83 درصد) و MKG₁₀(67/62 درصد)،والد مادریMKG₂₄با والدین پدریMKG₅ (67/81 درصد) و MKG₁₄ (33/81 درصد) بیشترین درصد تشکیل میوه راداشتند. در‌حالی‌که والد مادری MSG₁₅ با والدین پدری MKG₁₃ (33/38 درصد)، MKG₂₃ (33/37 درصد) و MKG₂₄(33/38 درصد)، والد مادریMKG₂₃با والد پدری MKG₂₄ (00/40 درصد) ووالد مادریMKG₂₄با والدین پدری MKG₁₀ (33/42 درصد) وMKG₂₃ (33/42 درصد) ریزش بسیار شدید میوه را نشان دادند. بیشترین وزن میوه با پوست سبز و وزن تر مغز به‌ترتیب با 590 و 110 گرم در نتاج حاصل از تلاقی والد مادریMSG₁₅با والد پدریMKG₅مشاهدهشد. همچنین بیشترین درصد مغز با 9/61درصددر نتاج حاصل از والد مادری MSG₁₅ با والد پدریMKG₂₃حاصل شد. از طرفی کمترین وزن میوه با پوست سبز و وزن تر مغز به‌ترتیب با 250 و 5/50 گرم در نتاج حاصل از تلاقی والد مادری MKG₂₃با والد پدری MK₂₄مشاهده گردید. کمترین درصد مغز با 98/28درصددر نتاج به‌دست آمده از تلاقی والد مادریMSG₁₅با والد پدریMKG₂₄مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Pollen Type of Some Walnut Genotypes on Fruit Set, and Fruit Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of MSG15, MKG23 and MKG24 as Seed Parents

نویسندگان [English]

Mousa Rasouli ¹
Bahman Ershadi ²
Rouhollah Karimi ³

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

² M.Sc. Student of Plant Production Engineering, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Malayer, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract

Background and Objectives
To achieve optimal fruit set, economic productivity and targeted crossings in seedlings and grafted walnut orchards, the flowering time of both male and female flowers and their overlapping is important. Since the walnut ovule longevity is limited, fertilization should occur at the shortest possible periods to lead to fruit set. Therefore, the evaluation of effective pollination periods and the needed time for the growth of pollen tube and ovule fertilization are important for successful fertilization. The aim of this study was to investigate the compatibility and the effect of pollen on some selected genotypes of walnut as pollinizers on the fruit set, fruit composition and the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the progeny derived from MSG₁₅, MKG₂₃ and MKG₂₄ genotypes as maternal parents.

Materials and Methods
This research was conducted in 2016-2017 in the research garden of Malayer University in Hamedan province. In this study, female parents including MSG₁₅, MKG₂₃andMKG₂₄were pollinated with pollinizers of MKG₄, MKG₅, MKG₁₀, MKG₁₃, MKG₁₄, MSG₁₅, MKG₂₃and MKG₂₄. Some of the characteristics of the fruit and the kernel were also evaluated in the offspring resulting from controlled pollination.

Results
Based on the results, the cross between female parent genotype of MSG₁₅with pollinizers of MKG₄(%79.33), MKG₅(%81.67) and MSG₁₅ (%79.67), female parent genotype of MKG₂₃with pollinizers genotypes of MKG₅ (%83.67) and MKG₁₀ (%62.67)_, female parent of MKG₂₄ with pollinizer genotypes of MKG₅ (%81.67) and MKG₁₄ (%81.33) showed the highest fruit set. Also, female parent of MKG₁₅ with pollinizers of MKG₁₃(%38.33), MKG₂₃ (%37.33) and MKG₂₄ (%38.33), female parent of MKG₂₃ with pollinizer MKG₂₄(%40.00), female parent of MKG₂₄ with pollinizers MKG₁₀ (%42.33) and MKG₂₃(%42.33)showed the maximum flower abscission. Moreover, the highest percentage of kernel (%61.9) was found in combination cross of female parent of MSG₁₅ with MKG₅pollinizers. The lowest fruit weight with husk (250 gr) and kernel fresh weight (50.5 gr) was found in combination cross of female parent MKG₂₃ with pollinizer of MKG₂₄. In addition, the lowest percentage of kernel (%28.98) was totally obtained in combination cross of female parent MSG₁₅ with pollinizer of MKG₂₄.

Discussion
The highest percentage of fruit was obtained in hybridization of maternal parent MSG₁₅ with pollinizers MK₄, MKG_5, MSG₁₅, and MKG₂₃ as seed parents with pollinizers MKG_5, MKG₁₀, and MKG₂₃ mother's parents with paternal parents MKG₅ and MKG₁₀. According to the results of this research, it is possible to use compatible and suitable genotypes introduced in this study in other walnut breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Percent kernel
Pistillate flower abscission
Pollination
Pollinizer

مراجع

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© 2019 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

بررسی اثر نوع دانه گرده برخی از ژنوتیپ‌های گردو بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی و درصد تشکیل میوه در والدین مادری MSG15، MKG23 و MKG24

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 42، شماره 3آذر 1398صفحه 307-320

دوره 42، شماره 3
آذر 1398
صفحه 307-320