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تأثیر کاربرد مواد بهبود‌دهنده آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و درصد اسانس گیاه دارویی شوید (Anethum graveolens L.) در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور ، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بیرجند، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد زراعت، شرکت‌های شهرک‌های صنعتی استان خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر کاربرد مواد بهبود‌دهنده آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و درصد اسانس شوید در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در شهرستان بیرجند به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد‌شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تنش کم‌آبی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح (آبیاری پس از 60، 120 و 180 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و مواد بهبود‌دهنده آلی و شیمیایی در چهار سطح شامل سوپرجاذب، ورمی‌کمپوست، زئولیت و متانول به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. صفات مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد چتر در بوته، تعداد دانه در چتر، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی، شاخص برداشت، درصد و عملکرد اسانس بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم‌آبی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به‌جز شاخص برداشت و درصد اسانس شد. هم‌چنین، مواد بهبود‌دهنده آلی و شیمیایی بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد چتر در بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و عملکرد اسانس تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری داشتند. برهمکنش تنش کم‌آبی و مواد بهبود‌دهنده آلی و شیمیایی بر تعداد چتر در بوته، تعداد دانه در چتر، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و عملکرد اسانس معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش شدت تنش کم‌آبی استفاده از مواد بهبود‌دهنده آلی و شیمیایی عملکرد دانه و اسانس را افزایش داد. به‌طوری‌که در شرایط تنش شدید مصرف سوپر‌جاذب موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه و اسانس به میزان به‌ترتیب 43/34 و 27/37 درصد و محلول‌پاشی با متانول موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه و اسانس به میزان به‌ترتیب 71/34 و 85/42 درصد نسبت به شاهد شدند. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر‌جاذب و محلول‌پاشی با 20 درصد حجمی متانول در شرایط تنش شدید جهت افزایش کمیت و کیفیت عملکرد شوید در منطقه بیرجند پیشنهاد می‌شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Organic and Chemical Improvers Application on Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under Water Deficit Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Javadi 1
  • Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi 2
  • Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami 3
  • Fereshteh Kermani 4

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran

4 M.Sc. Agronomy, Industrial Parks Organization of South Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Anethum graveolens L is used to treat colds, coughs, urinary problems, bloating, and spasms. Water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils of medicinal plants. In order to improve water stress tolerance of plants, various mechanisms have been proposed. The use of materials such as vermicompost, zeolite, superabsorbent and methanol can partially compensate for the lowering of yield from drought stress. Therefore, it is important to use methods that can tolerate plants under drought stress conditions.
 
Materials and Methods
To evaluate the effect of organic and chemical growth improvers application on yield and essential oil percentage of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under water deficit stress conditions, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in Birjand, Iran, during 2017 growing season. The main factor included three levels of water stress (60, 120, 180 mm evaporation form class A pan) and the sub-factor included five levels of organic and chemical growth improvers; control (no application), zeolite (5 t.ha-1), vermi compost (6.5 t.ha-1), super absorbent polymer (100 kg.ha-1) and methanol (20 v/v).
 
 
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that water deficit significantly reduced all studied traits except harvest index and essential oil percentage. Also, organic and chemical improvement agents had a positive and significant effect on plant height, number of umbrellas per plant, grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield. Interaction of water deficit stress and organic and chemical improvement agents was significant on number of umbrellas per plant, number of seeds per umbrella, grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield. By increasing the intensity of water deficit stress, the use of organic and chemical improvers increased the yield of seeds and essential oils. Under severe stress conditions and in comparison, with control treatment, super absorbent application increased the yield of seeds and essential oil to 34.43 and 37.27%, respectively, and methanol spraying increased the yield of seeds and essential oils by 34.17% and 42.85. The results of this experiment showed that the use of organic and chemical improvers reduced the damage to seed yield and essential oil yield under water deficit stress conditions. Also, the results revealed that when the plant is exposed to intensive stress, substances such as superabsorbent and methanol can be used to modify the stress. Using these materials under severe stress conditions increased the grain yield by 34% compared to the control. In order to achieve maximum yield of essential oil, use of organic and chemical improvers has been beneficial. Under severe stress conditions, methanol spraying and super absorbent application increased the essential oil yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in Birjand region.
 
Conclusion
In order to achieve the maximum yield of essential oil, use of organic and chemical improvers has been beneficial. Under severe stress conditions, methanol spraying and super absorbent application increased the essential oil yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in Birjand region.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil yield
  • Methanol
  • Super absorbent
  • Vermicompost
  • Zeolite
مراجع
References
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© 2021 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 283-294
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هم رسانی
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