نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری اصلاح نباتات (ژنتیک بیومتری)، گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد، گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 استاد، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

5 کارشناس بخش تحقیقات غلات مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
هدف این پژوهش بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی میان 28 ژنوتیپ جو پاییزه با استفاده از صفات ریشه و 14 آغازگر ISSR طی دو آزمایش بود. آزمایش گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تبریز در سال 1388 صورت گرفت و صفات وزن خشک ریشه، حجم ریشه، وزن خشک بخش هوایی و نسبت وزن خشک ریشه به بخش هوایی اندازه‌گیری شدند. آزمایش مولکولی با 28 ژنوتیپ جو و 14 آغازگر ISSR انجام شد. تنوع معنی‌داری بین ژنوتیپ‌های جو از نظر مشخصات ریشه مشاهده شد. ژنوتیپ‌های 3، 5، 9 و 20 دارای مقادیر بیشتری از نظر مشخصات ریشه بودند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای به روش Ward و فاصله اقلیدسی، ژنوتیپ‌ها را در چهار گروه قرار داد که ژنوتیپ‌های گروه سوم از نظر کلیه صفات دارای میانگین بالاتری بودند. از 14 آغازگر ISSR مورد استفاده، 11 آغازگر الگوی نواری مناسب و قابل امتیازدهی تولید کردند. در مجموع، 559 نشانگر چند شکل با طول 80 تا 3000 جفت باز در ژنوتیپ‌های جو تولید شد. میزان اطلاعات چند شکلی نشانگرها بین 116/0 تا 252/0 و شاخص نشانگر بین 528/3 تا 972/27 به‌دست‌آمد. گروه‌بندی ژنوتیپ‌های جو بر اساس داده‌های مولکولی ژنوتیپ‌ها را به چهار گروه منتسب کرد. بین نتایج گروه‌بندی بر اساس داده‌های مولکولی و صفات مورد مطالعه تا حدودی تطابق وجود داشت. بر مبنای بررسی ارتباط نشانگرهای ISSR با صفات کمی، ISSRهای 1 و 5 دارای رابطه معنی‌داری با اکثر صفات بودند. به نظر می‌رسد که می‌توان از نشانگرهای ISSR مورد مطالعه در امر گزینش به کمک نشانگر در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی جو استفاده کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic Diversity and Grouping of Winter Barley Genotypes for Root Characteristics and ISSR Markers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheila Shayan 1
  • Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed 2
  • Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi 2
  • Kazem Ghassemi Golezani 3
  • Fahimeh Sadeghpour 4
  • Ahmad Youssefi 5

1 Ph.D. Graduate of Plant Breeding (Biometrical Genetic), Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology‚ Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Professor‚ Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

3 Professor‚ Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

4 M.Sc. Graduate of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology‚ Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

5 Expert, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
Determination of genetic diversity level is fundamental for identification of desirable parents to be used in different breeding programs, and molecular markers have been succssfully taken for the analysis of genetic diversity in various crops. The objective of this study was to inversitgate genetic diversity among 28 genotypes of barley using root and shoot characters and 14 ISSR primers through two separate experiments (greenhouse and molecular experiments).
 
Materials and Methods
The greenhouse experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design with two replications in the research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. The traits measured in the greenhouse were root dry weight, root volume, shoot dry weight and ratio of root to shoot dry weight. The molecular experiment was conducted to study the diversity of barley genotypes using 14 ISSR primers. The polymorphic information content and marker index were calculated for each ISSR primer.
 
Results
Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes under study for all traits. According to the mean comparisons, genotypes 3, 5, 9 and 20 had higher mean in terms of all characters. The cluster analysis, based on Ward­­'s algorithm and Euclidean distance, grouped genotypes in four clusters. Group 3 had the highest mean in terms of all of the studied characters. Out of 14 ISSR primers used, 11 primers generated scorable and appropriate banding pattern. A total of 559 polymorphic bands with 80-3000 bp were produced. Polymorphic information content was estimated to be between 0.116 and 0.252 with the average of 0.187. The marker index ranged from 3.528 to 27.972 with the mean of 9.704. Classification of the studied barley genotypes was conducted by molecular data using neighbor joining algorithm based on distance coefficient of number of differences, which assigned the genotypes into four groups. There was a concordance between the grouping of genotypes based on molecular data and the characters in the greenhouse, but this concordance was not complete. Association analysis of ISSR markers with measured characteristics of barley genotypes showed that ISSR1 and ISSR5 had significant relationship with most of the root and shoot traits.
 
Discussion
Highgenetic diversity was observed among barley genotypes with respect to root and shoot traits. The results showed that ISSR primers have the ability to separate barley genotypes from each other. Also, it seems that ISSR markers under study can be used in marker assisted selection of barley genotypes in breeding programs.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Association analysis
  • Cluster analysis
  • ISSR primers
  • Molecular data
  • Stepwise regression
References
Abou-Deif, M. H., Rashed, M. A., Sallam, M. A. A., Mostafa, E. A. H. and Ramadan, W. A. (2013). Characterization of twenty wheat varieties by ISSR markers. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 15(2), 168-175.
Akladious, S. A. and Abbas, S. M. (2014). Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and some physiological attributes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes to drought and potassium nutrition. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 24(2), 620-633.
Bai, C., Liang, Y. and Hawkesford, M. J. (2013). Identification of QTLs associated with seedling root traits and their correlation with plant height in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(6), 1745-1753.
Drine, S., Guasmi, F., Ben Ali, S., Triki, T., Boussorra, F. and Ferchichi, A. (2016). Genetic diversity analysis of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes from arid and humid regions using ISSR and RAPD markers. Journal of New Sciences, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 34(2), 1930-1939.
Ehlers, W. (1989). Transpiration efficiency of oat. Agronomy Journal, 81(5), 810-817.
El-Awady, M. A. H. M., El-Tarras, A. A. E. S. and El-Assal, S. E. D. (2012). Genetic diversity of some Saudi barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) landraces based on two types of molecular markers. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(5), 752-758.
Etminan, A., Pour-Aboughadareh, A., Mohammadi, R., Ahmadi-Rad, A., Noori, A., Mahdavian, Z. and Moradi, Z. (2016). Applicability of start codon targeted (SCoT) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for genetic diversity analysis in durum wheat genotypes. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 30(6), 1075-1081.
Guasmi, F., Elfalleh, W., Hannachi, H., Feres, K., Touil, L., Marzougui, N., Triki, T. and Ferchichi, A. (2012). The use of ISSR and RAPD markers for genetic diversity among south Tunisian barley. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012(952196), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/952196.
Hoad, S. P., Russell, G., Lucas, M. E. and Bingham, I. J. (2001). The management of wheat, barley and oat root systems. Advances in Agronomy, 74, 193-246.
Hosseini Gheydari, F. and Tahernezhad, Z. (2019). Genetic analysis of some genotypes and varieties of olive in Qom province using morphological and ISSR markers. Plant Productions, 42(3), 373-386. [In Farsi]
Liang, Y. S., Gao, Z. Q., Zhan, X. D., Chen, Y. L., Chen, D. B., Shen, X. H., Cao, L. Y. and Cheng, S. H. (2011). Phenotypic correlation among root and shoot traits in an Elite Chinese hybrid rice combination and its three derived populations. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 37(10), 1711-1723.
Liu, B. and Wendel, J. F. (2001). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphisms as a genetic marker system in cotton. Molecular Ecology Notes, 1(3), 205-208.
Manschadi, A. M., Christopher, J., Devoil, P. and Hammer, G. L. (2006). The role of root architectural traits in adaptation of wheat to water-limited environments. Functional Plant Biology, 33(9), 823-837.
Manske, G. G. B. and Vlek, P. L. G. (2002). Root architecture wheat as a model plant. In Waisel, Y., Eshel, A. and Kafkafi, U. (Eds.), Plant roots: The hidden half (pp. 249-259.). New York, USA: Marcel Dekker.
Mohammadi, S. A. and Prasanna, B. M. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants: Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science, 43(4), 1235-1248.

Motawea, M. H., Said, A. A. and Khaled, A. G. A. (2015). ISSR marker-trait associations and stability analysis in bread wheat varieties. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, 3(2), 167-177.

Powel, W., Morgante, M., Andre, C., Hanafey, M., Vogel, J., Tingey, S. and Rafalski, A. (1996). The comparison of RAPD, ISSR, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis. Molecular Breeding, 2(3), 225-238.
Rahimi, M., Majidi Hervan, I., Valizadeh, M., Kajori, F. D. and Ebrahimpour, F. (2014). Genetic diversity among wild and cultivated barley by ISSR Marker. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 3(10), 57-62.
Raina, S. N., Rani, V., Kojima, T., Ogihara, Y., Singh, K. P. and Devarumath, R. M. (2001). RAPD and ISSR fingerprints as useful genetic markers for analysis of genetic diversity, varietal identification, and phylogenetic relationships in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars and wild species. Genome, 44(5), 763-772.
Reinert, S., Kortz, A., Léon, J. and Naz, A. A. (2016). Genome-wide association mapping in the global diversity set reveals new QTL controlling root system and related shoot variation in barley. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 1061. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01061.
Saghai-Maroof, M. A., Soliman, K., Jorgensen, R. A. and Allard, R. W. (1984). Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 81(24), 8014-8018.
Sofalian, O. and Behi, M. (2013). Assessment of winter survival in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes using molecular markers and some physiological traits. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 30(2), 45-54.
Tanyolac, B. (2003). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and RAPD variation among wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) populatins from west Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,50(6), 611-614.
Toorchi, M., Shashidhar, H. E. and Sridhara, H. (2006). Influence of the root system on grain yield and related characters in rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(12), 2267-2272.
Toorchi, M., Shashidhar, H. E., Hittalmani, S. and Gireesha, T. M. (2002). Rice root morphology under contrasting moisture regimes and contributing of molecular marker heterozygosity. Euphytica, 126(2), 251-257.
Zare Rashnodi, N., Erfani Moghadam, J. and Fazeli, A. (2019). The screening of persian walnut genotypes based on the quantitative and qualitative characters and the investigation of genetic diversity among promising samples using ISSR marker. Plant Productions, 42(2), 279-294. [In Farsi]
 
 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)